الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 220 |  |  |
| | | from | 220 | | |
Abstract
The renal dysfunctions which occur in hepatic patients can be functional disorder as hepatorenal syndromes or histopathological disorders.
Hepatorenal disorders can occur in any patient with advanced liver cirrohosis and fulminant hepatic failure with portal hypertension ascites.
The hepatorenal syndromes occurred due to systemic vasodilatations and intense renal vasoconstrictions, these vascular abnormalities occurred due hyperdynamic circulations with cardiac dysfunctions together with increased nitric oxide production by intestinal bacteria and increased excretion of renal vasodilator prostaglandins and decreased synthesis of systemic vasoconstrictor prostaglandins.
The diagnosis of HRS is based on
1- Cirrhosis with ascites.
2-Serum creatinine.
3-No improvement of serum creatinine after two days of diuretic withdrawal and volume expansion .
4- The recommended dose of albumin is 1 g/kg body weight per day up to a maximum of 100g/day.
5- Absence of shock.
6-No current or recent treatment with nephrotoxic agents.
7-Absence of parenchymal kidney disease as indicated by protienuria.