الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two low quality roughages, namely rice straw (RS) and corn stalks (CS) were subjected to biological treatment using the solid state fermentation by Trichoderma Viride. Nylon bags technique was used to determine the degradability of DM, OM and CP contents by fistulated buffalo bulls. Contents of OM and CF were decreased after treatment, while contents of CP, EE and Ash increased after treatment than those of untreated one. Washing losses (W), intercept representing solubilized at initiation of incubation (a), actual washing loss (A) and effective degradability (ED) kinetics of DM and OM degradability were significantly (P< 0.05) increased for either treated RS or CS compared to untreated. No significant (P>0.05)) difference was found between TRS and TCS for potentially degradable fraction in the rumen (b) of DM and OM, while values of PD of DM and OM for TRS were significantly (P<0.05)) higher than that of TCS substrate. Rate of the constant rate of disappearance of fraction b (c) values was insignificantly (P>0.05)) differ of DM and OM for TRS and TCS substrate. Four digestibility trials were carried out with twelve adult rams Rhamani× Ossimi (three in each) to test the experimental ration as follow: The 1st and 3rd groups were fed concentrate feed mixture (CFM) with either untreated RS (T1) and CS (T3) ad-lib, respectively, while the 2nd and 4th groups were fed CFM with either treated RS (T2) and CS (T4) ad-lib, respectively. Apparently digestion coefficient of CP for ration containing either TRS or TCS were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to that ration containing either untreated RS or CS. There is no significant (P>0.05)) difference of CP digestibility between ration containing TRS or TCS. Crude fiber digestibility for ration containing TCS was significantly (P<0.05)) higher than TRS. At the same time CF digestibility of rations containing either TRS or TCS were significantly (P<0.05)) higher than that containing untreated RS or CS. No significant (P>0.05) difference for NDF and ADF digestibility between rations contain either (TRS or TCS) or (URS or UCS) except ration containing URS or UCS, ADF content were significantly (P<0.05)) difference. The digestibility values of cellulose were significantly (P<0.05)) higher for ration containing either TRS or TCS compared to untreated, while hemicellulose digestibility showed opposite direction. The nutritive values as TDN was insignificantly (P>0.05)) different among tested rations, the values of DCP were significantly (P<0.05)) higher with ration containing either TRS or TCS, while DCP values of ration containing TCS was significantly (P<0.05)) higher than that TRS. Nitrogen balance (NB) was significantly (P<0.05)) higher for both T2 and T4 compared to T1 and T3. It can be concluded from this study that Trichoderma viride treatment for rice straw and corn stalks improved the nutritional values of such residues without adverse effect on animal performance. Further studies in this area of applied and scientific researches should be carried out to make it available and safely used by the animal holders i.e. the farmers in the opening fields.
Key words: Degradability, rice straw, cornstalks, Trichoderma viride.