الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
It can be said, in general , that science , in a sense
is coming up with many identical findings .The final aim
of science is to come tip with a theoiy. Psychology is no
exception . Psychology attempts to direct behavior, with
its variations, towards a single idea i.e personality. Thus,
behavior and porsonality have become the two basic
axes in the entire field of psycholgical studies.
THE PROBLEM
Throughout this research in the field of training, one
obseved the interest of coaches, corporations and sport
Associations. The quality and quantity of physiological
and skill training of champion athletes was studied
The basis of selecting national teams is no more than a
test which indicates certain record levels. By passing
the test the male or female swimmer will be included in
the national team. This researcher is of the opinion that
the physical skills and physiological preparation of the
athlete do not indicate or transalate into mental
readiness. Physical and skill tests have been designed to
measure these levels in the athlete. These same tests do
not measure the mental fitness level of the athlete. The
review of literature indicates that attempts have been
made to develop tests to measure mental readiness.
However, research dealing with personality and
psychological trails is sparce. Comparing Egyptian
records in swimming with world records, one observes a
large gap. This gap is growing day by day .The world
records for women in some cases exceed those of male
Egyptian records. The review of literature indicated that
few studies deal with comparing psychological traits at
various age levels of swimmers and water-polo athletes.
The above findings motivated this researcher to do this
study. r
Aims:
1 Identifying the difference in psychological tiaits
(anxiety, aggressiveness, self- esteem) between
swimmers in various age levels.
I.~. 2. Identifying the differences in psychological traits
(anxiety, aggressiveness, self- esteem) between waterpolo
players in various age levels.
3. Identifying the differences in psychological traits
(anxiety, aggressiveness, self- esteem) between
swimmers and water - polo players.
Procedures:
1. Approach:
The researcher used the survey approach. This
approach was appropriate, due to the nature of the study
and the hypotheses to be verified.
2. Subjects:
The subjects were selected at random from
swinuners and water- polo players in the following clubs:
—4—
al - Ahly - a! Gizera, al Zamalik a! - shams, Heliopolis
and Helioledo who were registered with the Egyptian
swimming Associatiom for the 1993 season. The sample
consisted of 78 swimmers between the ages of 13 and
17 years and 78 water- polo players between the ages of
13 and 17 years.
3. Data Collection Tools:
1. Speilberger’s anxiety scale.
2. Buss aggresivess scale.
3. Helmreich self - esteem scale.
4. Pilot Study:
A pilot study was conducted by this researcher. It
consisted of 15 swinmiers and 15 water- polo players
between the ages of 13 and 17 years.
5. Basic Study:
The researcher administered the tests to the subjects
during the time period 14-28 august 1993.
6. Statistical Analysis:
* Means.
* Standard deviations
* Skewness coefficent
* Analysis of variance.
* L.S.D.
Resu I is
1. Anxiety increases in swimmers and water- polo
players as they grow older.
—5— .
2. Anxiety increases more in water - polo players than
in swimmers as they grow older.
3 * Aggression increases in swimmers and water- polo
players as they grow older.
4. Aggression increases more in water- polo players than
in swimmers as they grow older.
5. Self- esteem grows in both swimmers and water- polo
players as they grow older
6. There is no difference in the level of self- esteem of
both swimmers and water - polo players between the
ages of 13- 15 years.
7. There is a higher level of self - esteem in water - polo
players than among swimmers of the same age level.
RECOMMENDATION
Junior athletes should be chosen from among those
athletes who have high inner psychological qualities.