الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out at El-Baramon experimental farm, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt., during the two successive summer seasons of 2011 and 2012 to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals, foliar application of different antitranspirants under compost rates as well as their interactions on growth and productivity of eggplant.
Twenty four treatments were arranged in split-split plots design, which were the simple possible combination between three rates of organic manure (0, 50 and 100% from recommended dose), two treatments of irrigation intervals (10 and 20 days) and four treatments of foliar application from antitranspirants (control, kaolin, CaCO3 and dyroton at 3%). Each treatment was replicated three times.
The obtained results of these investigation can be summarized in
5.1. Vegetative growth parameters
Data of vegetative growth parameters, i.e., plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), leaf area /plant (cm2), number of leaves, branches, nodes till first flower/plant as well as fresh and dry weight (g) of whole plant, leaves and stem as affected by organic manure, irrigation intervals and foliar application of antitranspirants and their interactions.
• The effect of adding compost rates reveal that, the mean values of vegetative parameters of eggplant were significantly increased due to increasing organic manure (compost) up to 100% (4 ton/fed.) during the both seasons of the study.
• The effect of irrigation intervals on vegetative growth parameters indicated that, the mean values of parameters under study were significantly decreased with increasing irrigation intervals from 10 up to 20 days during the both seasons except stem diameter (cm) and number of nodes till first flower in the 2nd season.
• All growth parameters were significantly increased in response to spraying all foliar application of antitranspirants as compared with the untreated plants. The highest significant values of the mentioned parameters were recorded with spraying plants by dyroton at (3%) concentration followed by spraying CaCO3 at (3%) concentration. These increases were true in the two seasons of the experiment.
• It was noticed that the effects of interaction between organic manure (compost) and irrigation intervals (10 and 20 days) on eggplant were significantly with compost 4 ton/fed. in the presence of irrigation interval (10days) achieved the highest significant values of growth parameters under study except stem diameter (cm) in the 2nd season.
• The highest values of formation characters were recorded by plants supplied with compost at the rate of 4 ton/fed. and sprayed with dyroton at 3% concentration followed by CaCO3 at 3% concentration.
• With respect to the interaction effect between irrigation intervals and foliar antitranspirants, it is evident that all plant growth parameters were significantly affected by the interaction treatments during both seasons except stem diameter (cm) in the 2nd season.
• As for the interaction effects among organic manure, irrigation intervals and foliar application on plant growth parameters under study found that the highest mean values were recorded with adding 100% compost at the rate of 4 ton/fed. under (10 days) irrigation interval with spraying dyroton at(3%)concentration.
5.2. Yield and yield components
Yield and its components of eggplant, i.e., fruits yield (g/plant), early yield (ton/fed), yield (ton/fed.) , dry matter %, fruit length (cm), fruit diameters (cm), number of fruits/plant, number of flowers/plant and average fruit weight were affected with compost at (4ton/fed), irrigation intervals (10, 20 days) and some foliar antitranspirants (control, kaolin, CaCO3 and dyroton).
• The application of organic manure significantly increased the parameters under investigation except average fruit weight during the both seasons and the highest values of parameters recorded with adding compost at the rate 100% (4 ton/fed.).
• Irrigation intervals significantly enhanced the parameters during the both seasons except average fruit weight during the both seasons. The highest values of the parameters under investigation recorded under the short irrigation interval (10 days) during the both seasons.
• Response of yield and its components to foliar antitranspirants in the two successive seasons found to be increased significantly except average fruit weight during the both seasons. The highest values were recorded with sprayed dyroton compared with the other treatments.
• Application of organic manure and irrigation intervals had significant effect on parameters above except number of fruits/plant in the 1st season and average fruit weight of eggplant during the both seasons.
• All foliar applications under any rate of compost fertilizer improved all parameters of yield and its components except average fruit weight during the both seasons.
• The interaction between irrigation intervals (10 and 20 days) and some foliar antitranspirants caused an increment in all mentioned parameters during the both seasons. In significant effect was detected between the foliar application and irrigation intervals in number of fruits/plant and number of flowers/plant in the 1st season and average fruit weight during the both seasons.
• The combination between the three factors had significant effects on parameters under study except number of fruits/plant in the 1st season and average fruit weight during the both seasons which had in significant effect. Moreover, higher compost (4 ton/fed.) under short irrigation intervals (10 days) applied to plants beside spraying with dyroton at (3%) concentration gave the highest values of all studied characters of eggplant, followed with treatment higher compost at (4 ton/fed.) under short irrigation interval (20 days) applied to plants beside spraying with dyroton at (3%) concentration.
5.3. Fruit quality
• Application of compost at (4ton/fed) was found to be superior for increased TSS%, Vit.C (mg\100g) and firmness% but decreased acidity % in fruits.
• Irrigation intervals significantly decreased TSS%, Vit.C (mg\100g) and firmness% during the both seasons and increased acidity % in the 1st season.
• Foliar application of antitranspirants significantly enhance fruit quality as compared with the untreated plants except acidity in the 2nd season and found that spraying either dyroton and CaCO3 at 3% concentration pushed to increase the previous parameters except acidity was decreased during the both seasons.
• The interaction between organic manure and irrigation intervals had in significant effect on TSS%, Vit.C (mg\100g) and acidity % except TSS% in the 2nd season and firmness Kg/cm2 during the both seasons.
• Plants fertilized with compost at 100% (4 ton/fed) and sprayed with dyroton at (3%) concentration recorded the highest values of pervious parameters except acidity % to compression with untreated plants.
• Spraying dyroton at (3%) concentration under short irrigation interval (10 days) recorded the highest values of TSS%, Vit.C (mg\100g) and firmness kg/cm2. While, acidity % recorded the highest values with the untreated plants. Moreover, TSS%, acidity% in the 1st season and Vit.C (mg/100g) during the both seasons had no significant effects.
• Plants fertilized with 100% compost at (4 ton/fed) under short irrigation interval (10 days) and sprayed with dyroton at (3%), CaCO3 (3%) or kaolin at (3%) concentration increased TSS%, Vit.C (mg\100g) and firmness Kg/cm2 and decreased acidity % of eggplant fruits compared with the untreated plants.
5.4. Chemical constituents
The chemical constituents i.e., N, P, K, protein concentration and Fe ppm of fruits as affected by organic manure, irrigation intervals and foliar application treatments of different antitranspirants as well as their interactions during the both seasons of 2011 and 2012
• Adding of organic manure in the both seasons of the experiment significantly increased the average values of N, P, K, protein concentration and Fe ppm of eggplant fruit than those obtained for the untreated plants and the application compost at 100% (40 t/fed.) gave the highest values.
• The content of N, P, K, protein concentration and Fe ppm in fruits recorded its higher values with irrigation at the shorter regime, i.e., at 10 days interval.
• The highest significant values of N, P, K, protein percentage and Fe ppm were recorded with spraying dyroton followed by CaCO3 and finally Kaolin at 3% concentration during the both seasons except P% in the 2nd season and K% during the both seasons.
• Application of compost under irrigation intervals had significant effect on N, P, protein percentage and Fe ppm in eggplant fruits except N% in the 1st season and K% during the both seasons. It was noticed that eggplant fertilized with compost at the rate of 100% (4 ton/fed.) under shortage irrigation interval (10 days) achieved the highest significant values of study parameters in the two seasons.
• The parameters of N, P, K, protein percentage and Fe ppm in eggplant fruit were significantly affected by the interaction between organic manure and foliar application of antitranspirants treatments during the both seasons except K% in the 2nd season.
• Plants sprayed with dyroton at (3%) concentration under (10days) irrigation interval recorded the highest values of parameters under investigation compared with other treatments.
• The means values of N, P, K, protein percentage and Fe ppm in eggplant fruits were significantly affected and the best records of previous characters were obtained by plants fertilized with 100% compost at (4 ton/fed) and sprayed with dyroton at (3%) concentration under shortage irrigation interval (10 days) compared with the other treatments during the both seasons of the experiments.
5.5. Storability
• The weight loss % at 5, 10 and 15 days from start storage period and vitamin C (mg/100g), TSS% and Acidity% at the end of storage period were significantly affected by adding organic manure during both seasons.
• The mean values of parameters under study were significantly decreased with increasing irrigation intervals from 10 up to 20 days during both seasons except TSS% during the both seasons and weight loss % at 5 days in 2nd season.
• The effect of foliar application treatments of antitranspirants led to decrease weight loss % at 5, 10 and 15 days from start storage period and vitamin C(mg/100g), TSS and acidity% at the end of storage.
• The effects of interaction between organic manure (compost at 4ton/fed) and irrigation intervals(10 days) on the parameters under investigation are significantly affected by the treatments except weight loss% after 10 and 15 days in the 1st season, after 5 and 15 days in the 2nd season.
• The parameters of weight loss % at 5, 10 and 15 days from start storage period and vitamin C (mg/100g), TSS% and acidity% at the end of storage period were significantly affected by the interaction between organic manure and foliar antitranspirants during the both seasons except weight loss after 10 and 15 days in the 1st season, after 5 and 15 days in the 2nd season.
• Weight loss % at 5, 10 and 15 days from start storage period and vitamin C(mg/100g), TSS% and acidity% at the end of storage period were significantly affected by the interaction between irrigation intervals and foliar antitranspirants treatments except weight loss% after 5 days in the 2nd season.
• As for the interaction effects among three factors, the mean values of parameters above are significantly affected by the applications during both seasons of the experiments except weight of loss % after 10 and 15 days in the 1st season and after 5 and 15 days in the 2nd season.
CONCLUSION
These all finding emphasize the importance of determining the interactive effects between organic manure, irrigation intervals and antitranspirants to find out the optimum combinations for maximum early, total yield and special fruit quality. The treatment of 4 ton/fed. compost as organic manure under 10 days irrigation interval with 3% of dyroton sprayed as antitranspirants application followed by the treatment of 4 ton/fed. compost as organic manure under 20 days irrigation interval with 3% concentration of dyroton sprayed as antitranspirants application are considered the best combinations. So, the recommended reported herein is 4 ton compost /fed., with 20 days irrigation interval and spray with 3 % concentration dyroton three times which led to save more irrigation water and gave good total yield and fruits quality under the conditions of this experimental.