الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease in the world. It leads to serious health complications or even premature death. Diabetic patient can control the disease and reduce its complications by taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs. In the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the field of medicinal plants because of natural origin and lack of side effects. One of these medicinal plants is Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre).
The aim of the present study is to know the effect of G. sylvestre leaves extract as antidiabetic and antioxidant on some physiological parameters of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats at different ages (2, 6 and12 month ages).
Rats under the study were classified into five groups (6 rats each) for each age:
• Group I: Control rats group.
Rats of this group were given intragastrically 1 ml distilled water once a day for 30 days.
• Group II: Rats group supplemented with G. sylvestre leaves extract.
Rats of this group were supplemented intragastrically with G. sylvestre leaves extract (18 mg/kg b.w.) dissolved in 1 ml distilled water once a day for 30 days.
• Group III: Rats group injected with citrate buffer.
Rats of this group were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 1 ml citrate buffer (pH 4.5), then they were housed at the
experimental condition for 30 days (experimental period).
• Group IV: STZ-diabetic rats group.
Rats of this group were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of STZ (45 mg/kg b.w.) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). The diabetic rats were housed at the experimental condition for 30 days (experimental period).
• Group V: Rats group treated with G. sylvestre leaves extract post STZ-diabetic induction.
Rats of this group were treated intragastrically with G. sylvestre leaves extract (18 mg/kg b.w.) dissolved in 1 ml distilled water once a day for 30 days post STZ-diabetic induction (as in group IV).
Hematological Parameters:
At 2 months age, MCH, MCHC, WBCs and platelets count were significantly decreased in diabetic rats (group IV) compared to those of rats injected with citrate buffer (group III). The Hct value and MCV were significantly decreased, while MCHC and platelets count were significantly increased in rats treated with G. sylvestre leaves extract post STZ-diabetic induction (group V) compared to those of diabetic rats (group IV).
At 6 months age, RBCs count, Hb concentration, Hct value, WBCs count and platelets count were significantly decreased in group IV compared to those of group III. The RBCs count, Hb concentration, MCHC, WBCs count and platelets count were significantly increased in group V compared to those of group IV.
At 12 months age, RBCs count, Hb concentration, Hct value, WBCs count and platelets count were significantly decreased in group IV compared to those of group III. The Hb concentration was significantly increased in group V compared to that of group IV.
Biochemical Parameters:
At 2 months age, blood glucose, plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, ALT and AST activities, MDA content, catalase activity and reduced glutathione content showed significant increases, while plasma levels of insulin, HDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid and erythrocyte SOD activity showed significant decreases in diabetic rats (group IV) compared to those of rats injected with citrate buffer (group III). Blood glucose, plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, urea, creatinine, ALT and AST activities, MDA content, catalase activity and reduced glutathione content showed significant decreases, while plasma levels of insulin, HDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin, uric acid and erythrocyte SOD activity showed significant increases in rats treated with G. sylvestre leaves extract post STZ-diabetic induction (group V) compared to those of diabetic rats (group IV).
At 6 months age, blood glucose, plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, ALT and AST activities, MDA content, catalase activity and reduced glutathione content showed significant increases, while plasma levels of insulin, HDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid and erythrocyte SOD activity showed significant decreases in diabetic rats (group IV) compared to those of rats injected with citrate buffer (group III). Blood glucose, plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, urea, creatinine, ALT and AST activities and MDA content showed significant decreases, while plasma levels of insulin, HDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin and erythrocyte SOD activity showed significant increases in rats treated with G. sylvestre leaves extract post STZ-diabetic induction (group V) compared to those of diabetic rats (group IV).
At 12 months age, blood glucose, plasma levels of triglyceri-des, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, urea, creatinine, ALT and AST activities, MDA content and catalase activity showed significant increases, while plasma levels of insulin, HDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin and erythrocyte SOD activity showed significant decreases in diabetic rats (group IV) compared to those of rats injected with citrate buffer (group III). Blood glucose, plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, urea, creatinine, ALT and AST activities, MDA content and catalase activity showed significant decreases, while plasma levels of insulin, HDL-cholesterol, total protein, globulin, uric acid and erythrocyte SOD activity showed significant increases in rats treated with G. sylvestre leaves extract post STZ-diabetic induction (group V) compared to those of diabetic rats (group IV).
It is clear from this study that G. sylvestre leaves extract improved diabetic complications at different ages. Hence, we recommend dosage of G. sylvestre leaves extract for improvement diabetic complications.