الفهرس 
Abstract
Structure and definition of the external fixationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
External fixation is a surgical treatment used to set bone fractures in which a cast would not allow proper alignment of the fracture. In this kind of reduction, holes are drilled into uninjured areas of bones around the fracture and special bolts or wires are screwed into holes. Out side the body, arod or a curved piece of metal with special ball and socket joints the bolts to make a rigid support. The fracture can be set in the proper anatomical configuration by adjusting ball and socket joins. Since the bolts pierce the skin, proper cleaning to prevent in fictions at the site of surgery must be performed. External fixation has two types unilateral and bilateral used according to the degree of fracture. The incidence of external fixation in trauma unit at Assiut University Hospital approximately 340 cases from orthopedic fractures during the period between 2011/ 2012. The aim of study was to explore and develop the established standards of nursing care for patients undergoing external fixation. Subjects and method: descriptive exploratory was utilized the study was carried out at trauma unit at Assiut University hospital. the study sample divided into all health care provider; 60 nurses without of 50 nurses due to increase the number of nurses (10 baccalaureate degree - 50 diploma), and 10 physicians for the oppinionnaire sheet only who working in trauma unit. Tools utilized for data collection were health team oppinnaire sheet, nurses knowledge standards lecel test sheet and nurses performance observation standards cheek list sheet. Results founded that more than two thirds of nurses had good level of knowledge as regarding external fixation patient. The majority of nurses and physicians had agreed as regarding to ensure that the trauma unit environment are ready to ensure that the trauma unit are ready to receive the patient, ensure that the trauma unit environment is safe to recieve patient, ensure that all infection control measures are property followed in procedure, ensure that all pre operative criteria are met for each patient before undergoing external fixation, ensure that safety for each patient during transportation from operating room to the unit, ensure that the post operative criteria are met for each patient monitoring and recording, and ensure that all staff health team are follow ethics and patients right in trauma unit. Nurses founded that about more then half of nurses done steps performance about standards of care of patients undergoing external fixation. conclusion formulation of standards is the first step toward evaluation nursing care delivery. Recommendation: in service training program for nurses is important in trauma unit application of the nursing care study for patients undergoing external fixation.