الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Modem broiler stocks require higher nutritional demands than ever before to achieve their genetic potentials; therefore, a close examination of different nutrients in broiler diets should be conducted. Among the feed nutrients, trace elements are needed for various metabolic, enzymatic, and biochemical reactions. However, the requirements of these elements are not well defined in poultry. Therefore, commercial diets typically provide inorganic trace elements with much higher rates than those recommended by NRC (1994) as inadequate supplementations lead to metabolic disorders and poor performance. There is an interest among researchers to use organic mineral as a partial substitute for inorganic mineral supplement in order to achieve maximum performance with lower levels of mineral intake as the usage of organic trace mineral (especially Zn, Mn, Se, and Fe) resulted in an improvement in bioavailability over inorganic sources which leads to lowering the amount of mineral excreted through the bird. Zinc is considered an essential nutrient for all animal species and is required for a wide variety of metabolic functions including activation of several enzymes, immune system, blood cell and connective tissue formation. Zinc deficiency causes skin disorders, poor immune response, impaired sexual function, retarded growth and emaciation. Iron is another essential trace element that plays an active part in oxidation reduction reactions and in electron transport
associated with cellular respiration, additionally, it acts as