الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total number of 130 frisian newly born calves
were included in this study, age was ( 1 _ K Neoks)
The animals were classified into the following
groups :-
Group I:included (60) clinically healthy frisian
Calves. Group II: 5.rwluded nin teen f’risian calves shQrNing
si~ns of acute bronchopneumonia.
Group III: .i.ncluded thirty two f’risian calves of
milo bronchopnetlmOn1a. Gr. up IV:-itlcluded ninteen frisian calves showing
signs of pneumonia associated with enteritis.
All Calves were SUbjected to carfull clinical
eX3lI1ioa.tion dUring t he study, clinical findings were
r’?7,istered. Prom each calf two blood samples were
col Iected. Th~ ”irat one was I3l1 tic oagulf1.ted using
Na heparin and was collected anaerobically. The
snmples were preserved in ice-bath and measured within
J hours. T he first samples were used for measurement
of blood pH, carbon dioxide tension, oxygen tension,
standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide and b~se
excess using pH blood-gas analyzer UORNING MOdel-1G8.
The sec ond blood samples was obt a.Lned w j thout
anticoagulant for serum separation and were used for
serum sodium (Na+ mmol./L.), potassium (K+ mmol./L.)
~~d chloride (Cl- mmol./L.) levels. Serum sodium and
potassium levels were determined by using of flame
photometer CORNING Model 400 (England Essex).
Serum chloride was determined by using chloride meter
CORNING Model 925 (England).
Mean values of blood pH, Pco2. The aerum mean values of’Na +, K+ and Cl in group (I) and were 146.86 ± 4.9 mmol./L. 5.71 +
O.4Jmmol./L. and 101.5 ± 4.019 mmol./L. respectively.
The clinical finding of acute bronchopneumonia
in newly born frisian ca”lV-eswere dyspnoic respiration,
nasal discharge, coughing, severe fever and increase
respiratory and pulse rates.
Calves showing signs of acute bronchopneumonia
and these were a highly significant difference
(P 0.01)in values of blood pH (7.172 -+ 0.0)4),
PC02 (61.67 ± 1.96) mmHg.) and base excess (-5.04 ±
3.)66 mmol./L.) and significant DROP (p 0.05) in
P02 (30.436 ± 3.80 mmol./L.).
In mild cases of bronchopnewnonia the signs were
less severe and in the form of mild fever, slight
increase in respiratory rate in addition the more or less
dyspnoea.
The pH mean value was (7.248 ± 0.023), pco
2 (54.84 ± 1.917 maDg.), P02 (27.20 ± 7.381 mmHg.) and B.E. (-).868 ± 1.888 romo1.fL.). In the third group (III) in which the calves showed
sjgns of pneumoenteritis. The signs were dyspnoeic and
respiratory distress are usually associated with signs
of dehydration in which the hair was star~, dry
skin, sunken eye and Boiling of the area of anus with
raecul matter. The most prominent findings was the significant
DROP in pH (7.145 ± 0.072), blood HCO) (17.19 j;,
2 ..OJJ mmo1. /L • ), blood ToO2 (18.92 ± 2.6 OJ mmol. /L • )
and marked decrease in B.E. value (-11.90 ± 7.389 mmol./L.) respectively. Significant difference (P <0.05) was detected
in serum patassium (5.978 + 0.23 mmol./L.) in fr1sian
calves of acute bronchopneumonia.
Highly significant decrease (P < 0.01) in values of
serum sodium (128.505 ± 4.9 mmol./L.), serum chloride
(92.42 -+ 4.16 mmol./L.) and increase in values of
serum potassium (6.450 ± 0.215 mml./L.) in calves
clinically wi t h pneumoen t eri tis. There is no s ignif 10ant
difference in values of electrolytes in Calves with
bronchopneumonia (mild cases).