الفهرس 
Laparoscopic Anatomy of RectumOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Anatomy is the cornerstone of any surgical operation. A thorough knowledge of the anatomic features of laparoscopic rectal surgery can reduce operative mistakes and complications.
By mastering the anatomical features of laparoscopic rectum surgery, operative mistakes and complications can be reduced. Particular attention must be paid to the anatomy of the obese patient undergoing laparoscopy. It is very convenient that the corresponding skills can be applied in the course of dissection and exposure.
Previously, only one surgeon could view the abdominal cavity through the laparoscope. With a high-resolution monitor and a camera attached to the end of the laparoscope, the surgeon and all assistants can comfortably view a high-quality magnified image, and they can perform surgical procedures using delicate laparoscopic instruments.
Tremendous growth in the use of minimally invasive techniques has occurred over the past decade. This was made possible by the developments in technology and was fueled by patient demands for less painful operations and quicker postoperative recovery.
Anterior resection of the rectum is defined as the removal of the proximal portion of the rectum (e.g, the upper third) with reanastomosis of the colon to peritonalized portion of the rectum , and low anterior resection means reanastomosis to the extraperitonalized portion of the rectum. Which operation is performed depends on the height of the lesion of the anal verge.
Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is advocated now only for very low rectal adenocarcinoma located at 0-2 cm from the dentate line, that is, for neoplasms infiltrating the anal canal. Therefore, the frequency of APR should not exceed 18% of all operations for rectal cancer today.