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Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of a program based on e-learning in developing some e-study skills for the second year preparatory school students’.
The problem of the present study is demonstrated in second year preparatory school students’ lack of e-study skills. The second year preparatory school students’ are in deep need to know, use and develop their e-study skills in order to be successful learners, to pass exams, to use opportunities for self-improvement and to be independent and lifelong learners. This was verified in the results obtained through the implemented questionnaires with second year preparatory students’ and with EFL experts. The same complaint has been reiterated by instructors of these courses.
5-2 Summary of the study:
5-2-1 Statement of the Problem:
The present study is an attempt to answer the following question:-
”What is the effect of using a program based on e-learning in developing some e-study skills for the 2nd year preparatory school students?”
This question elicits the answer of the following questions:
1-What are the characteristics of the program used to develop some e-study skills for the 2nd grade preparatory school students in terms of content and design?
2-What are the required e-study skills?
3-What is the effect of the program suggested to developing e-study skills for the 2nd grade preparatory school pupils?
4-To what extant can the students identify the improvement of e-study skills after applying the electronic program?
5-2-2 Objectives of the Study:
This study tried to investigate the effectiveness of using an e-learning program in developing:-
1.students’ use of e-study skills.
2.students’ e-reading skills.
3.students’ e-writing skills.
4.students’ e-searching skills.
5-2-3 Hypotheses of the Study:
The following hypotheses were tested:
There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group on the e-study skill pre-post test favoring the post test.
1-There is a statistical significant difference (favoring the experimental group) between means of scores obtained by subjects of the experimental and the control group on the post test of the use of the e-study skills.
5-2-4 Significance of the Study:
The present study was expected to investigate the effect of a program based on e- learning in developing some e-study skills for the second year preparatory school students’.
To the knowledge of the researcher, this study might be one of the few studies that attempted to investigate the effectiveness of an e- learning program in developing some e-study skills for the 2nd year preparatory school students. Also the present study will offer:
a.An e-learning program for instructors of E-Reading courses on developing second year preparatory school students’ acquisition and use of study skills.
b.Opportunities for second year preparatory school students’ to use the internet.
c.And finally, develop students’ awareness of e-learning and e-study skills.
The present study is, hopefully, expected to help:-
1.Second year preparatory school students’ develop their e-study skills.
2.Second year preparatory school students’ when they start their practical training, are expected to transfer these e-skills to their classmates.
3.This study will enrich the assessment of the effectiveness of e-learning especially on TEFL considering the acquisition, and use tests of E-Study skills.
4.This study will give some help to curriculum experts especially those who work as consultant in the field of developing e-learning systems. (Learning Management Systems).
5.This study will offer e- tests for students for the first.
5-2-5 Delimitations of the Study:
1.The sample of the study were second year preparatory students’ at Mostafa Kamel Preparatory school, El Basateen educational zone, Cairo governorate, as they are in deep need to acquire and use study skills, this is apparent in the results of the questionnaire the researcher administrated for them. Also, second year students need these skills to succeed in language courses and all the other courses. They also need to cope with the age of globalization and the increasing attitude towards E-Learning. Study skills can be considered a prerequisite for students’ success in language learning.
2.The Learning Management System (LMS) used in the E-Learning program is Moodle as it caters for the prerequisites of teaching the study skills course and generate interaction between the instructor and the learners.
3.After consulting experts of EFL, the study skills list contains the main skills most needed by second year preparatory school students’:-
-E-reading skills
-E-writing skills
-E-searching skills.
4.The presentation method used is Blended Learning, which combines features of both the analytical and the synthetic methods. It combines both (e-learning techniques and face to face instruction) to capitalize on the strength of each learning approach.
5.The text book of the second year preparatory school students’ (Hello English 2)
5-2-6 Participants of the Study:-
Subjects participating in this study included 60 male students. They were divided into two groups. They were assigned randomly to an experimental group and a control group each consisting of 30 males pupils. Homogeneity of both groups was assured as for:-
-Years of studying English
-Sex
-Age
5-2-7 Design of the study:
The present study adopted a pre-post control group design. Both the experimental and the control groups exposed to pre-post means of getting data.
Subjects of the experimental group were instructed and trained in some E-Study skills using an E-Learning training program designed and built by the researcher to develop their acquisition and use of these E-Study skills. Subjects of the control group received no such training.
5-2-8 Variables of the Study:
The Independent Variable:-
The training of second year preparatory school students’ using the E-Learning program.
The Dependent Variable:-
1-Level of performance in e-reading skills.
2-Level of performance in e-writing skills.
3-Level of performance in e-searching.
The Control Variables are:-
-Years of studying English
-Sex
-Age
5-2-9 Instrument of the Study:-
The researcher designed and built a number of tools for the purpose of the present study:-
1. A list of e-study skills required by the 2nd grade preparatory school students’:
2.Students’ self assessment sheet of e-study skills:
3.The training program:
4. A test of e-study skills
5-2-10 The Pilot Study:
A pilot study began one month before the administration of the program to determine the validity and the reliability of the tools.
5-2-11 Procedures of the Study:-
1.Assessing students’ needs through administering students’ self assessment sheet the to 2nd year preparatory school students’.
2.Building a list of e-study skills required by the 2nd grade preparatory school students.
3.Reviewing the literature to identify the e-learning techniques and e-study skills to design and build the e-learning program.
4.Designing the framework of the e-learning program in e-study skills.
5.Establishing the appropriateness and validity of the program framework by a Jury of highly qualified and experienced EFL specialists.
6.Designing program, an instructor’s manual and a student’s book.
7.Establishing the appropriateness and validity of the e-learning program by a Jury of highly qualified and experienced specialists.
8.Constructing the test of using e-study skills and having it validated by psychological educationists, EFL experts and IT experts.
9.Designing and constructing the website.
10.Judging the web site by a jury. Choosing a sample of 2nd year preparatory school students.
11.Administering pre-test to determine the equality of the experimental and control groups’ performance of e-study skills.
12.Training (45) students of the experimental group on the use of computer and Internet for two weeks before the experiment to make sure that they can use it appropriately.
The following skills were included:
a.Turning on/off the computer.
b.Opening the internet explorer.
c.Writing a web address.
d.Searching using search engines ” Google and Yahoo”
e.Saving files.
f.Signing up for an e- mail.
g.Establishing usernames and passwords to enroll in the course.
13.Applying the e-learning program in e-study skills.
14.Administering the post-test to evaluate the effect of the program used.
15.Using the suitable statistical methods to analyze students’ scores on the test of use of e-study skills such as t-test, Pearson Correlation and Eta-Squared).
16. Discussing the results.
17. Reporting recommendations and suggestions for further research.
5-2-12 Findings and Discussion:
After conducting the training and administering tests, t-test, Pearson correlation and eta- squared formula were used in analyzing the obtained data. Scores of the experimental and the control groups in the pre and post tests were analyzed and compared. Results revealed the following:
1.There is a statistical significant difference (favoring the experimental group) between means of scores obtained by subjects of the experimental and the control group on the post test of the use of the study skills (T=21.791 , h2 = 0.891).
5-3 Recommendations:
In the light of the results obtained in the present study, a number of recommendations are suggested:
1.The use of e-learning should be emphasized as a means of teaching English and of developing the four language skills.
2.Preparatory school students should be trained to use e-study skills.
3.More attention should be directed to the use of e-learning techniques that can develop e-study skills and critical thinking.
4.Monthly tests and final term tests should include e-study skills items.
5.The development of mobile learning should be immediately started because the country is rather well covered by mobile technology.
6.Appropriate technological educational environment should by provided for students
7.A national strategy for e- Learning should be defined.
8.Financial facilities for those who are interested to deploy e-Learning should be provided.
9.Standards for evaluation of e-Learning systems should be designed.
10.E-study skills for English language learners should be considered by the Ministry of Education.
11. EFL teachers should be trained to enhance e-study skills.
5-4 Suggestions for Further Research:
1.Investigating the relationship between developing e-study skills and English language proficiency in general.
2.Investigating the effect of developing other e-study skills for example e-time management skills on developing language proficiency.
3.Investigating the effect of using e-study skills training program in other school subjects for example science, mathematics, and social studies.
4.Investigating the relationship between e-learning study skills and students’ creative thinking.
5.Investigating the effect of using this program with post graduates; especially with research skills.
6.Further studies should be done to investigate the relationship between e-study skills and being an active learner.