الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of selenium on uptake and assimilations of some plant nutrients. Firstly, wheat plant that grown on sandy soil, it treated by different concentration from sodium selenite and salinity. After that, it was done anther experiment with faba bean and wheat that grown on sandy clay soil from the green house in Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University at Shoubra El-Kheima, it was treated by selected concentrations from sodium selenite and salinity from the first experiment.
5.1. The first experiment
Wheat grains (Jemayzeh 9) had been divided into 5 groups unresisting to salinitythe soil sand brought and washed then left to dry, also prepared 90 pack (diameter 12 cm). After sand was dried it was packed about 200 g of sand in each box of them. Also it was prepared a standard solution of selenium concentration 1000 µM then prepared (2.5, 5, 10, 20 µM) of sodium selenite, then soaked the grains in these solutions for 24hrs The grain were planting in boxes to grow and then continue the process of germination recording the change. After that started to prepare a nutrient solution of ammonium nitrate, mono potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, also a saline solutions of calcium chloride and sodium chloride is prepared by ratio of 1:2. After two weeks, the plants irrigated from these nutrient solutions and continued each 2 days until the harvest. The plants were cut by a sharp edge and prepared to measure:
• lengths of plants and number of plants, including % germination = number of plants developing / number of plants cultivated * 100
• fresh weight
• dry weight
• % N, Protein, Na, K, Ca and Mg.
5.1.1. The main obtained results were summarized as following:
The concentration of K, Na, Mg, N and protein were decreased in the wheat green tops but Ca was increased. With increasing salinity concentration in irrigation water, the amount of Na, Mg and K of the tissues increased, but amount of Ca and N of the tissues decreased. The effect of selenite and salinity together reduced content of Na, K, Mg, N and protein, but increased the content of Ca this result is similar to selenite effect alone.
5.2. The second experiment
This experiment was conducted in the greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture, where 164 pots prepared with 3 kg of soil, which was conducted to the routine analysis and estimated the amount of water that can be held by the soil in each pot (table, 1).
Also, wheat grains prepared (Jemayzeh 9), which is unresisting to salinity, as well as seeds of beans, faba bean (Sakha 3). It was prepared 5 and 10 µM from sodium selenite, and before plants cultivation we soaking some of bean seeds and wheat grains in the previous concentrations. After about a month from cultivate some another plants, sprayed with the previous concentrations. Two days after the transaction has been initiating the development of salinity, where put( 8.44 and 4.49 ds/m)) of salt solution composed of sodium chloride and calcium chloride by 2 to 1 for both wheat and beans, respectively, and developed level one, and then(16.88 and 9.86ds/m) for both of them as a level two.
After the plants collection prepared to measure:
% (N, Protein, Na, K, Ca, Mg and Se)as well as carbohydrate.
5.2.1. The main obtained results were summarized as following:
5.2.1.1. Effect of selenium on the total uptake and nutrient content in wheat plant
Comparing to control results it was noticed that increasing Se concentrations increased the mean values content of Na, Ca, Mg and Se as well as decreased N,K and protein content in shoot but in root it were increased the Na, K, Ca and Mg as well as decreased N and protein content. In general it was noticed that increasing Se concentrations increased the mean values uptake of K, Na, Ca, Mg and Se as well as decreased N compared to control results
5.2.1.2. Effect of salinity on the total uptake and nutrient content in wheat plant
Comparing to control results it was noticed that increasing Salinity concentrations decreased the mean values content of N, Na, Ca, K, Se and Protein as well as increased Mg content in shoot but in root it were increased the Ca as well as decreased N, Na, K, Mg and protein content. In general it was noticed that increasing salinity concentrations decreased the mean values uptake of K, Na, Ca, Mg ,Se as well as N Compared to control results
5.2.1.3. Effect of selenium and salinity concentration on the total uptake and nutrient content in wheat plant by soaking.
The average values show that in shoot the content of N,K and Protein were decreased but the amount of Na, Se ,Ca and Mg were increased.
Also it was noticed that the uptake of Na, K, Ca, Se and Mg were increased but N was decreased .This result is in similar to the single effect of selenite which indicated that selenit effect has overcome the salinity effect on uptake and nutrient content, this results take the behavior as showed in the first experiment.
However it was noticed in root the amount of Mg and K were increased, this result is in similar to the single effect of selenite but Na, N and Protein were increased then decreased and Ca was decreased then increased , this result is in similar to the single effect of salinity.
5.2.1.4. Effect of selenium and salinity concentration on the total uptake and nutrient content in wheat plant by soaking +foliar.
The average values show that in shoot the content of N,K and Protein were decreased but the amount of Na, Se ,Ca and Mg were increased.
Also it was noticed that the uptake of Na, K, Ca, Se and Mg were increased but N was decreased .This result is in similar to the single effect of selenite which
indicated that selenit effect has overcome the salinity effect on uptake and nutrient content, this results take the behavior as showed in the first experiment.
However it was noticed in root the amount of Mg and K were increased, this result is in similar to the single effect of selenite but Na, N and Protein were increased then decreased but Ca was decreased then increased , this result is in similar to the single effect of salinity
5.2.1.5. Effect of selenium and salinity concentration on the total uptake and nutrient content in wheat plant by foliar.
The average values show that in shoot the content of N,K and Protein were decreased but the amount of Na, Se ,Ca and Mg were increased .Also it was noticed that the uptake of Na, K, Ca, Se and Mg were increased but N was decreased .This result is in similar to the single effect of selenite. However it was noticed in root the amount of Mg, Ca and K were increased, this result is in similar to the single effect of selenite but Na, N and Protein were increased then decreased, this result is in similar to the single effect of salinity.
5.2.1.6. Effect of selenium concentration and salinity levels on the total carbohydrate in wheat plant by soaking.
The average values show that forming of carbohydrate (without adding Se)increased at begging then it decreased at the end ,this may be related to adding salinity ( at 2nd level ) which affect on chlorophyll forming which will affect the photosynthesis, followed by carbohydrate affection
5.2.1.7. Effect of selenium concentration and salinity levels on the total carbohydrate in wheat plant by Foliar.
The average values show that forming of carbohydrate (without adding Se) small increased but when adding the first concentration from selenium it followed by big increase in carbohydrate forming as salinity increase comparing with control result, but when adding the second concentration the carbohydrate increased at begging then it decreased at the end this may be caused by the shortage in Selenium absorption sprayed on leaf.
5.2.1.8. Effect of selenium on the total uptake and nutrient content in Faba bean plant
Comparing to control results it was noticed that increasing Se concentrations increased the mean values content of Na and Se as well as decreased N, K, Ca, Mg and protein content in shoot but in root it were decreased the Ca and Mg as well as increased N, Na, K and protein content. In general it was noticed that increasing Se concentrations increased the mean values uptake of K, Na, N and Se as well as decreased Ca and Mg compared to control results.
5.2.1.9. Effect of salinity on the total uptake and nutrient content in Faba bean plant
The average values show that there was affected by the tested salinity levels .The obtained results indicated no significant of salinity levels on total uptake and nutrient content. Comparing to control results it was noticed that increasing salinity concentrations increased the mean values content of Na, N,Se and protein as well as decreased Ca, Mg and K in shoot but in root it were increased the N, Ca, Mg and protein as well as decreased Na and Mg content. In general it was noticed that increasing salinity concentrations increased the mean values uptake of N, Na, Ca and Se as well as decreased Mg and K compared to control results.
The salinity effect on content and uptake of some plant nutrient found to be different on Bean than Wheat may be that’s due to physiological differences between them.(N-Na-Ca-Se increased)
5.2.1.10. Effect of selenium and salinity concentration on the total uptake and nutrient content in Faba bean plant by soaking.
The average values show that in shoot the content of N, Ca, Mg, K and protein were decreased but Na and Se were increased while the uptake of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Se were increased but N was decreased .
5.2.1.11. Effect of selenium and salinity concentration on the total uptake and nutrient content in Faba bean plant by foliar.
The average values show that in shoot the content of N, Ca, Mg, K and protein were decreased but Na and Se were increased this result is in similar to the single effect of selenite
However it was noticed in root the amount of Na, N, K and protein were increased, but Ca and Mg were decreased, this result is in similar to the single effect of selinite
Also it was noticed that the uptake of Na and K were increased but Ca,N and Mg were decreased and Se decreased then increased.
5.2.1.12. Effect of selenium and salinity concentration on the total uptake and nutrient content in Faba bean plant by soaking +foliar.
The average values show that in shoot the content of N,K,Mg and protein were decreased but Na was increased and Ca and Se were increased then decreased .However it was noticed in root the amount of N, K ,Na and protein were increased but Ca and Mg decreased this result is in similar to the single effect of selenit.
Also it was noticed that the uptake of N ,Na and K were increased but Ca and Mg were decreased and Se decreased then increased.
It was noticed generally that in faba bean plant , nutrient uptake was best when adding selenium by soaking and soaking +foliar ,as well as nutrient content in shoot was best when adding selenium by soaking and foliar but in root the nutrient content was beast when adding selenium by soaking, foliar and soaking +foliar .
Also it was noticed that in wheat plant, nutrient uptake was best when adding selenium by soaking and soaking +foliar, as well as nutrient content in shoot was best when adding selenium by soaking, foliar and soaking + foliar, but in root the results wasn’t the same different result depend on each nutrient.
For the carbohydrate also it was noticed the best result obtained was when adding selenium by soaking .