الفهرس 
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Abstract
Both insulin-dependent diabetes “IDD”and non insulin dependent
diabetes “NIDD’re common, though NlDDoutnumberS IDDby about 3 to 1 (Pirart, 1978). The author also mentioned that there is evidence that the overall worldwide prevalence of diabetes is generally increasing and added that diabetes is associated with many complications, notably, cataract, retinopathy nephropathy, foot ulceration, stroke and coronary artery diseases. Pirart (1978) also reported that the longer the duration of diabetes, and the worse the long-term blood glucose control, the more likely are these problems to occur. Diabetes thus causes morbidity and early mortality in a large number of people.
Barnett and Todd (1990) stated that after discovery of insulin in the early 1920s the clinical problem of “IDD”was thought to be at the end. The author also added that within a couple of decades, however, it was realised that there was still a very high morbidity and mortality from the disease particularly the long term micro and macroangiopathic complication.
Since Feutern, et al (1986) reported that in newly diagnosed IDDM (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus). Functional B-cell could be protected by halting the autoimmune process by stimulating regeneration of B-cell or by increasing the resistance of B-cell to destruction. Several clinical trials were carried out for radical cure of. IDDM in man by cycisporin A (Stiller and Dupre, 1989) corticosteroids and a zathioprine (Drash and Arsianin, 1990), however the outcome of these studies were unfortunately poor.
Since the initial aetiological factor in the pancreatic B-cell destruction is the nuclear DNA strand break; followed by stimulation of the poly (ADP - ribose) synthetase enzyme, which depletes the cellular NAD responsible for cell respiration and since nicotinamide is the precursor of NAD, it is worth to investigate the role of nicotinamide in experimental diabetes. The present work was designed to study the effect of nicotinamide on alloxan induced diabetes in rats as a model for JDDM (Durkaez. et at 1980) in the present work, 5 regimens of nicotinamide treatment were carhed out to evaluate whether nicotinamide is a prophylactic or/and is a curative agent against alloxan induced diabetes.