الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted on 137 buffalo-cows and heifers from El-Khattara Farm (Sharkia) and El-Gharbia Governorates. The age of buffaloe-cows was 4-10 years and the age of buffalo-heifers 3 years.
The infertile animals (106) showed symptoms of prolonged anoestrus (4-12 months) after calving. Buffalo-heifers never came to heat although they reached 3 years of age. Neither corpus luteum nor follicules could be detected rectally after 2 examination 10 days interval. The serum samples collected from 31 fertile female buffaloes during oestrus phase and from 106 infertile buffaloes with ovarian inactivity. The serum biochemical analysis regarding total protein, inorganic phosphorus, total cholesterol, glucose, copper, zinc and manganese in both fertile and infertile buffaloes. It revealed that, slight variation in serum total protein in fertile and infertile animals, serum inorganic phosphorus, total cholesterol and glucose showed non significant decrease in infertile animals than fertile ones. But serum zinc, copper and manganese showed highly significant lower level in infertile buffaloes than fertile ones. Serum total protein, inorganic phosphorus, total cholesterol, glucose, copper and manganese revealed significant lower level in animals suffering from inactive ovaries and liver fluke than fertile ones (P<0.01). Also serum zinc significantly decreased in infertile buffaloes suffering from liver fluke than fertile ones (P<0.05).
In treated buffaloes divided into five groups: Group I: 10 buffaloes supplemented with lugol’s iodine and iodinated casein 50% of buffaloes came to heat within 40 days from start of treatment
30% became pregnant. Group II: 15 buffaloes supplemented with lugol’s iodine and sodium dibasic phosphate, 66.66% came to heat within 40 days from start of treatment 53.3% became pregnant
Group III: 5 buffaloes supplemented with lugol’s iodine and mineral mixture 80% of buffaloes came in oestrus within 40 days from start of treatment 60% became pregnant. Group IV: 10 buffaloes injected subcutaneous with bilevon to treat liver fluke 80% of buffaloes came to heat within 40 days from start of treatment 70% became pregnant.
Group V: untreated buffaloes neither oestrus nor pregnancy appeared on this group. It could be concluded that the main causes of smooth inactive ovaries in buffaloes is deficiency in micro and macro-elements in ration especially copper, manganese and inorganic phosphorus or imbalance between these elements and liver fluke infection.