الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The birth of infants with congenital defects is a crisis for mothers and caregivers. When mothers are informed that their infants have congenital anomalies (CAs), the joy of giving birth is often coupled with fear, guilt, sadness, shame, and blame because of the loss of the desired healthy child they had dreamed of. Parents may also experience intense anger, or they may feel socially isolated and stigmatized.
Mothers experience multiple stressors related to their infants` anomalies. Among the various categories of stressors that mothers experience: disease factors, physical stressors, financial concerns, psychological stressors, social stressors, marital stressors and hospital-related stressors topped the list. Therefore, there are multiple factors associated with the stress response which include: mothers` ages, education, socioeconomic status, marital status or relations, maternal trait anxiety, family function or impact, life events/stressors and available resources and support.