الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted to survey 328 randomly collected poultry and duck feed samples and ingredients from different poultry and duck farms in two governorates (Kalyoubia and Menoufiya) in a trial to estimate the incidence and prevalence of mycotoxins in poultry and duck feeds and to investigate the clinicopathological effect of graded doses of aflatoxin B 1 equivalent on two breeds of ducks (Baldy and Baijin).
• Experiment No. 1:
The experiment was conducted to study the prevalence and incidence of mycotoxins in different poultry and duck feeds and ingredients. It was found that only 3.66% of the monitored samples contained aflatoxins. The aflatoxins level ranged between 5 - 220 p.g/kg feed, only 0.92% of monitored samples contained ochratoxin A. The ochratoxin A level ranged between 10 - 30 μg/kg feed and only 0.61 % of monitored samples contained zerealenone. The zerealenone level ranged between 30 - 40 pg/kg feed. • Exporknont No. (2A):
This experiment was carried out to study the effect of
graded doses of aflatoxin Bi equivalent on two breeds of ducks (Baldy and Baijin). Growth rate decrease in two breeds, and Baldy more sensitive to aflatoxin than Baijin breed.
- Clinical Signs: Off food, ruffled feathers, diarrhoea and nervous signs.
Gross Pathology:
Presence of subcutaneous haemorrhages, liver fatty change and pin point necrotic foci on the surface.
Spleen enlarged and necrotic foci present on the surface.
Kidney congested and haemorrhagic, urates accumulated in the ureters.
Histopathological Examination:
Congestion of the portal blood vessels and hepatic sinusoids with perivascular mononuclear cellular aggregation mostly lymphocytes, focal and diffuse hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes were also noticed in low level. In high levels: diffuse fatty changes of the hepatocytes, moreover the portal area showed proliferation f bile ducts forming newly bile ductules and fibrous connective tissue proliferation with inflammatory cellular infiltration particularly eosinophils.
Congestion of central arterioles and the sinusoids of red pulp with endotheliasis and hypertrophy of muscular layers of splenic arterioles; moreover, focal areas of caseous necrosis scattered among the splenic parenchyma.
Congestion of the renal blood vessels and intertubular capillaries, necrosis of some renal tubules evidenced pyknosis of their nuclei, ureters showed thickening of its wall due to fibrous connective tissue proliferation with inflammatory cellular infiltration within the lumen.
• Experiment No. (2B): This experiment was designed to clarify the effect of graded doses of aflatoxin Bl equivalent on some enzymes activities (G.O.T., G.P.T. and alkaline phosphatase), R.B.Cs count, P.C.V. and Irlb% of ducklings and the obtained results revealed that the aflatoxin B 1 equivalent was increased enzymes activities, and decreased R.B.Cs count, P.C.V. and Hb%. So presence of hypochromic macrocytic anaemia.