الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out on 32 Balady ewes, aged 3-4 years at the last month of pregnancy, selected from the experimental farm of the Agriculture Research center, faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Zagazig university / Benha branch. The animals were divided into four main groups, each one consists of 8 ewes classified as follows: Group I: Ewes during the last month of pregnancy were injected S.c with 4m1 Se and 400 ml Vit.E (Viteselen) per ewe, divided into two doses with one week interval in between. The injection was repeated at one month after parturition. Group II: Ewe in this group was administered orally with 3 gm zinc sulphate and 50000 I.U. vitamin A capsule. The supplement was divided into two doses with one week interval, and given during the last month of pregnancy and repeated at one month after parturition. Group HI: Ewes were administered orally with 19 mg/ewe cobalt sulphate and injected s.c. with 100 ug/ewe vitamin B 12 (Debovit). The treatment was given for 3 times with one week interval, during the last month of pregnancy, and repeated at two and six weeks after birth. Group IV: Ewes were left without supplementation as a control. The blood samples (serum and heparinized) were collected before supplementation and 2 weeks thereafter (-4 & -2 wk) at the day of parturition, (0 d), one day after lambing and after parturition ( +2 , +4,-+6 & 8 wk ). After birth, blood samples were taken from newborn lambs in each group at 2 weeks interval ( +2 , +4, +6 & 8 wk of age ) Serum samples were subjected to quantitative determination of total protein, albumin, globulin, total lipids ,total cholesterol, enzyme activity (ALP, ACP, ALT and AST) ,trace elements (Se, Zn, Co, CU and Fe.) and vitamin (E, A and carotene) . Heperinzed blood was taken for determination of erythrocytic enzyme activity (GSHPX and catalase). Growth performance of newborn lambs (birth weight, live body every two weeks, weight gain & relative growth rate ) were recorded. The results achieved could be summarized as follows: 1-Ewes in the control group had a marginal or deficient blood serum level of Se (51 ng/ml in dams &35 ng/ ml in their lambs) Zn (47 mg/di in dams &30 mg/dl in lambs), and Cu (47.5 mg /dl in dams &40.mg/dl in lambs ), during the periparturieut period. 2-According to the intervals of the periparturient period , Serum total protein and albumin levels were significantly (p<0.01) lowered at-2 wk and reached its lowest level at +2 & +4 wk, then re increased thereafter . In lambs, serum protein, albumin and globulin were significantly increased (P<0.01) by the age. While, serum total lipids, total cholesterol,enzymes (ALP, ACP, catalase, GSH-Px and ALT),trace elements (Se, Zn, Co, Cu, & Fe) and vitamins (Vit. E, carotene and Vit.A) were significantly (P<0.01) increased toward the birth, which were peaked at postpartum period. In lambs, serum Se, Co,carotene and Vit. A were significantly (P<0.01) decreased toward the end of experiment (8wk). 3- In ewes supplemented by Se + Vit. E: -The overall mean of serum Se and Vit. E were sinignificantly (P<0.01) elevated in dams (86 ng/dl &6.83 ng/ml, respectively vs. 51 & 5.1) and in lambs (62 ng /dl &7.65 ng/ml, respectively vs. 35&5.75). - Serum total lipids and cholesterol were not significantly affect in dams and their lambs. - Serum ALP enzyme was significantly (P<0.01) increased in lambs (53.65 vs. 25.69 U/L). While, serum ACP enzyme was significantly decreased in dams (5.5 vs. 6.9 U/L, P<0.05) and lambs (9.8 vs. 17.55 U/L, P<0.01). - The whole blood catalase and GSH.Px enzymes were significantly (P<0.01) increased in dams (1.6 U /mg & protein 115.47 U/g of Hb , respectively vs. 0.48 & 24.6 )and lambs ( 1.63 U/mg protein & 88.8’U/g Hb, respectively vs. 1.3 & 12.2 ). - Serum ALT and AST enzymes were significantly decreased in ewes (6.64 & 56.86 U/L, respectively vs. 26.44 & 88.76) and lambs (6.9 & 45.3 U/L, respectively vs. 13.91 & 61.45). -Serum Zn level was elevated (P<0.05)in dams (63 vs. 47 ng/dl ). In lambs, serum levels of Zn, Co, Cu, &Fe were significantly increased after Se + Vit. E dam supplementation .(63, 5.5, 64.5, & 260.8 ug/dl, respectively vs. 30, 4.9, 40 & 230.8 ug Id! ). -Serum carotene level was not affected by supplementation . While, serum Vit. A significantly (P<0.01) in dams and their lambs (52.5 & 45.4 iu/dl, respectively vs. 47.7 & 42.8 iu /dl ). 4- In ewes supplemented by Zn + Vit. A : -The overall mean of serum Zn , carotene & Vit. A levels were significantly increased in dams (74 ug / dl , 57.5 ng / dl & 51.2 iu /dl , respectively vs. 47 , 47.7 & 34.4 )and in lambs (81 ug/ dl ,47.8 ug /dl & 38.4 iu /dl , respectively vs. 30 , 42.8 & 29.5 ). -Serum total protein and globulin were significantly (P<0.01) increased in dams (6.4 & 4.14 g /dl, respectively vs. 6.26 & 3.6 g/dl). While, Serum albumin was significantly (P<0.01) decreased (2.3 g/dl vs. 2.7 g/dl). In lambs, serum protein, albumin and globulin were significantly (P<0.01) increased by dam supplementation (6.16, 2.5 & 3.91 g / dl , respectively vs. 5.8, 2.11 & 3.65 g / d1). Serum total lipids and cholesterol were not affected by supplementation in dams and their lambs. -Serum ALP enzyme activity was significantly (P<0.01) increased in dams and lambs (18.67 & 51.37 U/1, respectively vs. 14.7 & 25.69 U/1). While, serum ACP was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in dams (5.67 vs. 6.9 U/1). -Catalase-enzyme significantly (P<0.01) increased in dams (1.13 vs. 0.84 u/mg protein), but it significantly (P<0.01) lowered in lambs (0.39 vs. 1.3 u/mg protein). While, GSH-Px activity was significantly (P<0.01) increased in dams their lambs (39.1 & 36.1 U/g of Hb, respectively vs. 24.6 & 12.2 U/g of Hb). -Serum ALT and A ST enzymes were significantly (P<0.01) decreased in ewes 7.8 & 63.26 U/L, respectively vs. 26.44 & 88.76 U/L) and in lambs (8.7 &44.1 U/L, respectively 13.91 &61.45 U/L) Serum Se and Fe levels were significantly (P<0.01) increased in lambs after dam supplementation (50 ng /dl & 366.61 ug /dl, respectively vs. 35 & 230.8 ) Serum Vit. E was significantly (P<0.01) increased in dams and lambs (4.5 & 7.0 ug /ml, respectively vs. 5.1 & 5.57 ug /ml ). 5- In ewes supplemented by Co + Vit. B12: -In response to the supplementation ,serum Co level significantly (P<0.01)increased in ewes and lambs (7.6 &6.1 ug/dl, respectively compared to 4.9 & 4.9 ug /dl in unsupplemented group). - Serum total protein and albumin values were significantly (P<0.01) reduced (6.16 & 2.5 g /dl, respectively vs. 6.26 & 2.7g/dl). While, they significantly (P<0.01) increased in lambs (6.4 & 2.41 g/dl) respectively vs. 5.8 &2.11 g/dl). Serum globulin was not affected by Co + Vit. B12 supplementation. -There are a significant (P<0.01) increased in serum total lipids in dams (330.45 vs. 254.2 mg/dl ) and serum cholesterol in lambs (127.6 vs. 88.6 mg /dl). -In lambs, serum ALP was significantly (P<0.01) increased (48.96 vs. 25.69 U/L) and serum ACP was significantly (P<0.01) decreased (12.24 vs. 17.55 U/L),after supplementation. -The catalase enzyme was significantly (P<0.01) elevated in dams (0.98 vs. 0.84 u/mg protein), without any alteration in GSH -Px enzyme in dams and their lambs. -Serum ALT and AST activities were significantly (P<0.01) reduced in ewes (6.55 &63.33 U/L, respectively vs. 26.44 & 88.67 U/L) and in lambs (6.9 &49.56 U/L, respectively vs. 13.91 & 61.45 U/L) -Serum Fe level was significantly (P<0.01) increased in dams (261.0 va. 230.9 ug/dl). While in lambs , serum Se, Zn, Cu & Fe concentrations were significantly increased after dam supplementation (55 ng/dl, 64 ug/dl ,53 ug/dl & 273.3 ug /dl, respectively vs. 35, 30, 40, & 230.8) . The fat soluble vitamins (Vit. E & A) were significantly (P<0.01) increased in ewes (6.3 ug/ml & 40.8 iu /dl , respectively vs. 5.1 & 34.4) and lambs (6.85 ug/ml & iu/dl, respectively vs. 5.750& 29.5) 6- Growth performance of lambs after dam supplementation: - The birth weight of lambs in different supplemented groups (Se + Vit. E, Zn +Vit. A & Co + Vit. B12 were significantly (P<0.01) higher than in the control group (2.8, 2.76 & 2.8 Kg, respectively vs. 2.2 Kg). -The favorable effect supplementation on live body weight , weight gain and relative growth rate were more obvious in Se + Vit. E group than in Zn + Vit. A or Co + Vit. B12 group. - It is note worthy that Se + Vit. E dam supplementation yielded a mean 3.4 Kg extra gain in body weight, additional 0.85 Kg/ 2 wk weight gain, and a mean 7.1 % faster growth rate in lambs at the end of the experiment (8 weeks) , when compared with the control. While the values in Zn + Vit. A group were 2.34 Kg, 0.6 kg/2 wk and 4.7% ,respectively in Co + Vit B12 were 3.1 Kg , 0.74 kg/ 2 wk and 2.0%, respectively. from the after mentioned results, it can be concluded that it is feasible to supplement ewes with selenium and vitamin E during the periparturient period to improve the productive ability of their lambs under field condition in Egypt.