الفهرس 
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Abstract
In ’the present work, the pharmacokinetic profiles of
spectinomycin and spiramycin were studied following
intramuscular and oral. administration in normal chickens and in chickens orally ’administered
Bioavailabilitiesof both drugs were calculated. The-.invitro protein binding percent was determined as well as detection of aflatoxin residues in chicken tissues. Spectinoaycin: Following a single intramuscular injection of spectinomycin (40 mg/kg b.wt.) in normal chickens, a maximum serum concentration was recorded at one hour, with half-life of absorption (to.5(abl) valued with 0.21 hr. The elimination half-life (to.5(Pl) was 3.27 hours.
Following a sinqle intravenous injection of 40 mg/kg
b.wt. in normal chickens previously injected intramuscularly with the same dose of spectinomycin, the drug obayed a three-compartments open model with half life of distribution (to.5(ab» of 0.13 b., (VI), (V2), (V3) and (V••• ) were equal to 0.141, 0.142, 0.063 and 0.354 L/kq, respectively. The mean systemic bioavailability following intramuscular injection was 3.72’_. The total body clearance (Cia) was 86.02 .l/kq/min. During repeated intramuscular injection of 40 mq spectinomycin/k’l b.wt. three times daily for five oonsecutive days in normal chickens the hi’lhest serum concentr&~ tions of the drug achieved after one hour post each doae , The tissu~ concentrations followin’l the lallt dOlle of repeated intramuscular injection were 69 U’l.g in liver, 66.5 u’l/’lin kidney, 23 ug/’l in lun’l, 19 ug/’l in Giztard; 16.4
u’l/g in heart, 14.05 u’l/g in proventriculus, 16.55 uq/q in fat, 16.05 u’l/g in thi’lh muscle and 12.9 u’l/’lin breallt muscle after 24 hours from the last dose of repeated administrations. Also, the dru’l persisted in liver and kidney for 96 hours after administration and disappeared from all body tissues 120 hours of the last dose of repeated administration. The-In vitro protein bindin’l percent of spectinomycin was 5.4%. Followin’l a single intravenous injection of 40 mg spectinomrcin/k’l b.wt. at 17~ day of oral administration of
aflatoxin Bl (100 U’l aflatoxin/k’l b.wt. once daily for 23 days, spectinomycin coacentrations were significantly decreased than in normal chickens at all time of lIa.pling. The kinetic .”parllIleters of spectino.ycin revealed lIignificant
changes in comparison to those in noraal chickenll.
Followin’l a single intramuscular injection of 40 aq
spectinomycin/kg b.wt. in aflatoxic chickens, spectinoaycin concentrations were si~ificantly decreased than those in normal chickens. ~he calculated parameters were statistically changed when compared to those in normal chickens. Concerning the tissue residues in aflatoxic chickens, spectinomycin was distributed only in liver and kidney 8 hours after a single intramuscular administration with lower significant values when compared to the normal chickens. SpirUlycin: Following a single oral administration of 100 mg of spiramycin in normal chickens, a maximum serum concentration
was recorded at one hour with half-life of absorption
(to.S<ob» valued with 0.35 hr. The elimination half-life
(to.s<,» was 4.74 hours. Following a single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg b.wt. in normal chickens previously given the same dose of spiramycin. the drug obayed a two-coapartments open model with half life of distribution (to.S<Ob» of 0.09 h ,, (Vl)
and (Vd •• ) were equal to 1.07 and 6.8 L/kg respectively. The
mean systemic bioavilabillty following oral administration was 71.49%, the total body clearnce (Cia) was 2.61 ml/kg/min. During repeated oral administration of 10~ Mg spiramycin/kg b.wt. three times daily for five consecutive days in noraal chickens, the highest serum concentration of the drug achieved one hoqr after each dose. The tissue Concentrations following ”. last dose of repeated oral administration were 38.2 uq/q in liver, 30.53 uq/q in kidney, 18.2 uq/q in lunq, 11.23 uq/q in spleen, 9.27 uq/q in Gizzard, 6.4 uq/q in intestine, 6.7 uq/q in fat, 5.5 uq/q in heart, 4.86 uq/q in brain, 3.4 uq/q in thiqh muscle and 4.3 uq/q in breast muscle after 24 hours from the last dose of repeated administration. The druq persisted in liver and kidney for 96 hours after administration and disappeared from all body tissues 120 hours of the last dose of repeated
administration. The-In vitro protein bindinq percent of
spiramycin was 8.63%. Followinq a sinqle intravenous injection of 100 mq spiramcyin/kq b.wt. at 17~ day of oral administration of aflatoxin Bl (100 uq aflatoxin/kq b.wt. once daily for 23 days, spiramcyin concentrations were siqnificantly decreased than in normal chickens at all time of samplinq. The kinetic parameters of spiramycin revealed siqnificant chanqes in comparison to those in normal chickens. Followinq a sinqle oral ad.inistration of 100 mq sPlramycin/kq b.wt.in aflatoxic chickens, spiramycin concentrations
were siqnificantly decreased than those in normal
chickens. The kinetic parameters in aflatoxic chickens
were statistically chanqed Compared to those in nor.al
chickens.