الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total of 113 fattening buffaloe calves 8-18 month
old were included in this study. Thirty-nine calves were
clinically healthy and kep as control. Seventy-four calves
were clinically diseased and showed a various degree of
digestive and respiratory manifistations during the prevalence
of three successive outbreaks at the following
fattening stations; EI-Hawatka, Om-EI-Kosour, and EI-Shamia
fattening stations at Assiut Province. The study included clinical, haematological, some biochemical and serological examinations. The clinical signs observed in calves affected mainly with respiratory disturbances were, sudden onset of fever and variable degree of anorexia. Clear serous nasal discharges, frequent coughing and mild conjunctivitis. Reddness of the nasal mucosae, and in some cases minute abrasions of variable size were observed in both nasal and oral mucous membranes.
Most of the affected calves developed diarrhoea
which varied from soft passage of faeces to profuse watery
greyish diarrhoea. About 5-10% of calves developed symptoms
of enzootic bronchopneumonia, infrequent painful cough
and mixed dyspnoea associated with mucopurulent nasal
discharge and moderate fever were observed. Auscultation
of the chest revealed the presence of moist rales over
scattered areas of the lung. The main symptoms in the group
of calves with enteritis were profuse watery diarrhoea
which in some cases bloody tinged and associated with mild
degree of dehydration.
Marked leukopenia was observed in the early stage of
illness (Group II,III,V) while Leukocytosis was observed in
the group of calves showing symptoms of enzootic bronchopneumonia.
Lowered values of RBCs and Hb were observed in all diseased cases (Group III, IV, V) howevere the group of acute upper respiratory tract infection and that of convalescence did not showed significant alteration in the blood picture except mild lymphocytic leukocytosis, was observed in the convalescent stage of illness.
The mean values of blood pH, Pco2 mmHg, Hco; mmol./L.
and Base’ excess B.E mmol./L.) for the clinically healthy
group were (7.360 + 0.037, 46.72 ~ 3.85, 26.26 ~ 2.02 and
0.62 ~ 2.09 respectively). Respiratory acidosis was observed
in calves with enzootic bronchopneumonia, the mean values of
blood pH, Pco2 and base excess in this group were, (7.231~
0.068, 60.15~7.039 mmHg and-O.5~2.3 mmol/L.) respectively
Mixed acidosis (respiratory and metabolic) was observed in
group of pneumoenteritis The mean values of blood pH, Pco
2 Hco; and B.E in this group were 7.235 ~ 0.074, 49.3~4.14
21.5 + 2.12 and -5.44+ 4.2 respectively. The group of calves
with enteritis showed metabolic acidosis, blood pH (7.230~
0.93), Hco; (p.5 + 3.5 mmol./L.) and Base excess (-8.23 +.
3.36 mmol./L.)’ The serum protein pattern revealed lowered values of total protein, and albumin in group of calves showing symptoms of .nteritis and pneumoentRritis when compared with that of clinically healthy. Higher’values of serum globulin was observud in the convalescent group of calves.