الفهرس 
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Abstract
Twelve castrated male kids about 4-6 months of age were included
in this work. These animals were divided into 4 groups: - Group I: fed on basal diet and used as control. - Group II: fed on basal diet and administered orally with 5 gm Nigella sativa/head/day. - Group III: fed on basal diet and administered orally with 5 gm Anise/head/day.
- Group IV: fed on basal diet and administered orally with 2.5 gm Nigella sativa plus 2.5 gm Anise/head/day. Animals were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and every 15 days to study the effect of the used medicinal plants on the weight gain. The diet used for all groups of animals consisted of concentrated ration (0.75 kg/head/day) plus darawa and hay (2 kg/head/day). Clean and hygienic tap water was used for drinking of these experimental kids all over the days of the experiment. Sampling: Rumen fluid samples were taken individually form the animals of each group 2 hours after feeding and used for the examination of ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids and protozoal activity and motility. Blood samples on anticoagulant were taken from each animal and used for the determination of red blood cells, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total leucocytes and differential leucocytic count. Serum samples were also collected and used for the estimation of total proteins, protein electrophoretic pattern, urea, creatininer, alanine aminotransferase, asparatate aminotransferase, alkaline phsophatase, calcium, inorganic phosphorous, sodium and potassium. Results: The results obtained in this investigation were summarized as the following: - Significant increase in live weight and weight gain in kids treated with &egg sativa at 90 and 120 days post-treatment compared with non-treated kids. The same results were obtained for animals treated with Anise or Anise plus &elk sativa, at 120 days post-treatment. - Ruminal protozoa showed very high motility and crowdness (++++) in kids received Nizellg sativa and high motility and less crowdness in kids received Anise or Anise plus Nigellg sativa (+++).- No significant difference were observed in ruminal pH between treated and non-treated kids. - Haematological parameters revealed no significant change between treated and non-treated kids in RBCs, Hb, PCV, neutrophils and eosinophils. While, lymphocytes and monocytes reported an increased values in &dig sativa supplemented kids. - Total gamma globulins revealed an elevated values in kids treated with Nigella sativa at 60 days and in kids treated with both medicinal plants at 60 and 980 days post-treatment. - No significant differences in craetinine was observed between treated and non-treated kids. - Serum urea values showed an elevated values Nigella sativa supplemented kids at 120 days. - While serum calcium, sodium and potassium showed no significant difference between treated and non-treated kids, inorganic phosphorus recorded decreased values in kids supplemented with Anise at 90 and 120 days post-treatment. In conclusion, the used medicinal plants Nigella sativa and Anise in kids has many advantages. These medicinal plants especially Nigella sativa increased the live weight and weight gain, improved the rumen function and inhance the immune response of treated kids. The enhancement of immune response was apparent from the significant increase in the lymphocytes and monocytes as well as gamma-globulins. Moreover, these medicinal plants proved to be safe in kids as they did not alter the liver nor kidney function of treated kids. - Significant increase in total serum proteins in kids received Nigella sativa at 30 days post-treatment and in kids received both medicinal plants at 60 and 90 days post-treatment compared with non-treated controls. - Albumin and A/G ratio showed significantly dropped values, while total globulins showed an elevated values in Nigella sativa treated kids. - Alpha-l-globulin and consequently total alpha-globulin were significantly elevated in kids treated with both Nigella sativa and Anise. - Beta-l-globulin was elevated significantly in kids received Nigella sativa seeds and non-significantly elevated in kids received Anise, compared with non-treated kids. - Beta-2-globulin and total beta-globulin showed non-significant difference between treated and non-treated kids. - Gamma-1- globulin levels were significantly increased in kids treated with Nigella sativa and in kids treated with both medicinal plants. - Gamma-2-globulins showed an elevated values in Nigella sativa treated kids, at 90 days post-treatment.