الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aminoglycosides, primarily gentamicin, are the most commonly used
antibiotic worldwide despite their toxicity to the kidney and the inner ear. A
preventive therapy against these side effect should be combined safely and
efficiently with low cost. The aim of the present work is to investigate the biochemical,
immunological, molecular and histological effects of Egyptian bee propolis
on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental animals. This study included fifty albino rats, divided into five groups: Group (I): injected with physiological saline intraperitoneally for eight
consecutive days and served as control group. Group (II): injected with gentamicin (100 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally
daily for eight consecutive days.
3- Group (III): injected with gentamicin (100 mg/kg b.w.)
intraperitoneally daily for eight consecutive days and then followed by
orally treatment with the propolis suspension (200 mg/ kg b.w.) for 15
days.
4- Group (IV): treated orally with bee propolis suspension (200 mg/ kg
b.w.) daily for 15 consecutive days.
5- Group (V): treated orally with bee propolis suspension (200 mg/ kg
b.w.) daily for 15 consecutive days and injected with gentamicin
(100mg/kg b.w.) for the last 8 days.
All groups were subjected to be examined for the following parameters :
I) Biochemical studies:
1- Blood urea level.2- Serum creatinine level.
3- Serum AST activity.
4- Serum ALT activity.
5- Serum albumin level.
6- Serum total protein.
7- Determination of superoxide dismutase in kidney homogenate.
8- Estimation of catalase activity in kidney homogenate.
9- Estimation of lipid peroxidation in kidney homogenate.
10- Determination of urinary n-acetyl-β-D-glucose-aminidase (NAG).
II) Immunological studies:
1- Estimation of Total spleenic lymphocyte count.
2- Estimation of lymphoproliferative response to PHA mitogen.
III) Molecular parameter
1-Electropheresis analysis of renal DNA.
IV) Histological parameters:
Results of this work revealed the following:-
1- Nephrotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal GM injection in a
dose level of 100 mg/kg b.w. for 8 days.
2- GM-treated animals showed increment in levels of blood urea, serum
creatinine and lipid peroxidation product and urainy NAG.While,
decreases in catalase and SOD activities were observed.3- Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity was accompanied with decrease in
total number of lymphocytes, in addition, to deterioration in their
proliferative function.
4- Fragmented DNA was noticed in kidney cells indicating DNA damage.Both pre- and post-treatments of rats with proplis orally at a dose 200
mg/kg b.w. resulted in significant reduction in gentmicin-induce
nephrotoxicity and improved levels of biochemical measures. In addition to
amelioration in the potential activity of lymphocytes. Propolis, also, led to
recovery of renal cells and DNA repair as observed in electropheritc
analysis.
from these findings, it can be concluded that bee propolis exhibited a
protective effect against nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin. It exerts its
action through augmentation of antioxidant capacity and induction of some
immune parameter that may help in the recovery of nephrotoxicity. Finally,
this study revealed the immunostimulatory activity of propolis as well as its
antioxidative action that is beneficial in reduction of the harmful effect of
certain drugs.