الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to affect
humans and animals in developed and developing countries.
In developing countries including Egypt, tuberculosis remains a major
health problem concerning morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of
bovine tuberculosis is the way to minimize the rick and to facilitate the
efficient control of spreading the disease.
This study was performed in order to determine the incidence
of tuberculosis in cattle in closed farms and their attendants to investigate the role of cattle in transmitting tuberculosis to humans.
A total of (243) animals and humans different samples were
collected including, (143) animal samples and (100) human samples.
In animal samples, there were (96) buffalo samples and (47) cow samples
including (lymph nodes, organs and blood) from different ages from both
males and females. Regarding human samples, there were, (50) blood
samples and (50) sputum samples. All samples were collected from
Cairo, El- Menoufia and Qena Governorates.
All animal samples were examined by, Microscopical examination, cultivation technique and then ELISA was applied to
confirm all positive samples. Human samples were examined microscopically and by cultivation technique in case of sputum samples, whilst, blood samples were examined by ELISA.
In studying the relation between occurrence of Tb among the
examined cattle and buffalo and the climatic season. During the cold
season, the occurrence of cases as examined by tuberculin test was
[29 (67.4%); 50 (71.4%) and 25 (83.3%)] in Cairo, Menoufia and Qena
Governorates, respectively. On the other hand, the occurrence of the cases during the warm season was [14 (32.6%); 20 (28.6%) and 5(16.75)] in the same Governorates, respectively.
In studying the relation between tuberculin positive examined
buffalo and cow cases and age, the relation was found to be significant.
Ov of (78) and (31) tuberculin positive buffalo and cow cases A* A*
respectively. There were, 13 (16.6%) and 9 (29%) buffalo and cow cases
aged (0- 2.5 Years), respectively, 55 (70.5%) and 14 (54.1%) aged (2.5 -
5 years) and 10 (12.8%) and 8 (25.8%) aged (mo/e than 5 years) from
buffalo and cow cases, respectively.
In studying the relation between tuberculin positive buffalo and
cow cases and sex, the relation found to be significant. Out of (87) and
(31) tuberculin positive buffalo and cow cases, there were, 20 (25.6%)
and 10 (32.2%) males from buffalo and cow cases, respectively.
Concerning the female cases, there were, 58 (74%) and 21 (67.7%) from
buffalo and cow cases, respectively.
The bacteriological examination of tuberculin positive buffalo and
cow cases using traditional techniques (microscopical examination and
cultivation technique) and then ELISA to confirm the positive results, revealed the following results: out of (78) tuberculin positive buffalo and (31) tuberculin positive cow cases, there were 60 (76%) and 23 (74.1%) positive cases by microscopical examination from both buffalo and cow cases, respectively. Concerning cultivation technique using Lowenstein-Jensen media, the recovery rate found to be 70(89.7%) and 27 (87%) from buffalo and cow cases, respectively. By using ELISA with PPD as a coating antigen, there were 75(96.1%) and 29(93.5%) positive cases from
buffalo and cow cases, respectively.
The bacteriological examination of tuberculin negative cases was performed so as to evaluate the accuracy of the tuberculin test as a diagnostic field test. Out of (18) tuberculin negative buffalo cases and (16) tuberculin negative cow cases, there were, 2(11.1%) and 6(31.5%)
positive by ELISA from buffalo and cow cases, respectively. However, by cultivation onto Lowenstein- Jensen media, the recovery rate found to be, 2(11.1%) and 4(37.5%) from the buffalo and cow cases, respectively. The forementioned results indicated that, tuberculin test should not be
used only in diagnosis of tuberculosis.
The overall detection of bovine TB in the examined buffaloes (96) and cattle (47) cases were 77(98.7%) and 35(74 7%), respectively as detected by ELISA.
Concerning the attendants samples, in sputum samples there were 25(50%) positive samples out of ( 50) sputum samples by both microscopical examination and by cultivation onto Lowenstein- Jensen media .In using ELISA for blood samples, there were, 27(54%) positive samples. All the forementioned results proved the probability of transmission of bovine tuberculosis from infected animals to the human beings.To decide the most accurate used techniques, the sensitivity and specificity of each used technique was measured and showed that, The sensitivity of microscope was (726.9%) and (74.2%), however, the
specificity was, (94.7%) and (87.5%) in buffalo and cow cases,respectively. The sensitivity of the cultivation was, (89.7%) and (87%), regarding the specificity, it was (88.8%) and (75%) in buffalo and cow cases, respectively. The sensitivity of ELISA was (96%) and (93.5%) and the specificity found to be (88.8%) and (62.5%) in buffalo and cow cases respectively. from all the forementioned results, the ELISA was the most sensitive method in diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.