الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work is designed to find suitable cheep friendly environmental methods as alternative to fungicides and
nematocides for controlling root rot disease and root knot
nematode of cucumber plants grown under greenhouse
conditions.
Results could be summarized as follow :-
1-Survey was carried out in different commercial greenhouse i.e
El- Dokki , El- Haram , El- Noubareia , and Gazerit El- Dahab .
Results indicated the highest infections were recorded in winter
growing season, as compared to autumn growing season. Root rot
disease recorded the high infections in autumn and winter
growing seasons. While, root-knot nematode showed the
moderate infections .
2- Fusarium solani was the most frequent isolated fungus from
diseased cucumber roots . It occupied the first order ( 36.3 % ),
followed by P. ultimum which occupied the second order ( 27.4
% ). R. solani has moderate frequency .
3-All isolated fungi were able to attack cucumber plants causing
root rot symptoms. The most aggressive fungi were S. Rolfsii
( h ) and P. ultimum (d ) , they caused disease infection as 80.7
and 75.0 %, respectively. Meanwhile, R. solani (h) and F. solani
(d ) showed moderate aggressiveness against cucumber plants .,
Laboratory experiments
4- The lethal temperatures to R. solani , F. solani , S. rolfsii and
P. ultimum were 54.0 , 58.0 , 56 or 58.0 oC and 52.0 , 56.0 , 54.0
and 56.0 oC when were exposed to temperatures for one minutes
as agar disks with mycelia or growth suspension respectively .
5- Chlamydospores are more resistant to hot water which they
killed at 64 oC while Sclerotia were killed at 58.0 and 60.0 oC for
R. solani and S. rolfsii respectively when exposed to hot water
for one minutes Sublethal temperatures significantly reduced the linear growth ,
resting stage production and resting stage germination of all root
rot fungi.
7- The lethal temperatures for M. incognita was 44, 46, 48, and 50
oC when the exposures time as 30, 20, 10 and 1 minutes
respectively.
Pot experiments
8- The highest increase in soil temperatures was obtained with
boiling water at the rate of 0.4 to 1.0 L / kg soil, which
increased soil temperatures ranged between 78.0 to 94.0 oC
with sandy , loam and sandy- loam soil.
9- The highest increase in soil temperature was obtained with hot
water temperature degrees at 80.0, 90.0 and 100.0 oC at rate 0.5
L / kg soil, which increased soil temperatures ranged between
67.0 to 84.0 oC with sandy , loam and sandy- loam soil.
10- Different volumes of hot water at 95- 100 o C i.e. 0.0, 0.2 ,0.3
, 0.4 and 0.5 L / kg soil applied as soil treatment were tested to
study their effect on soil temperatures , total count of root rot
fungi , soil microflora and J2 of nematode in soil in addition to
root rot and root knot nematode incidence of cucumber plants
under pot experiments.
10-1-Effect on soil temperatures
Results indicated that the highest increase in soil
temperatures was obtained with hot water at the rate of 0.4 and
0.5 L / kg soil, which increased soil temperatures to 74.0 and
82.0 % respectively .
10-2- Effect on total count of root rot fungi
Results indicate that complete reduction in total count of
all tested fungi was obtained with hot water at 0.4 and 0.5 L / kg
soil. Hot water at 0.3 L / kg soil reduced the total count more
than 74.0 % for all tested fungi..