الفهرس 
AIM OF THE ESSAYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 168 |  |  |
| | | from | 168 | | |
Abstract
Until 1992, the open adrenalectomy was unchallenged. This open technique has a number of advantages, including wide exposure of the operative field, easy exploration of the entire abdomen and contralateral adrenal region, and easy control of the main adrenal vein. The disadvantages are the complications associated with any extensive open procedure and a long incision e.g., surgical site infection, incisional hernia and the need for bowel manipulation, which increased risk of visceral injury, ileus and postoperative adhesions (Wang et al., 2009).
Laparoscopic procedures introduced two decades ago have eliminated some, or attenuated the effects of these complications (Winfield et al., 2000).
LA has become the treatment of choice to remove benign functioning and non functioning tumors of the adrenal glands. Laparoscopy has advantages over open procedures. Multiple comparative studies revealed that LA was associated with significantly less blood loss due to the delicate dissection and magnified effect, shorter postoperative hospital stay and earlier oral intake. Also, LA has a better cosmesis due to smaller incision, use of fewer analgesics, higher patient satisfaction, decreased morbidity, and earlier return to regular work and activities. Other studies have reported similar results (Gumbs, 2006).