الفهرس 
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Abstract
Virological studies revealed recovery of the virus from the
internal organs of infected animals. Also the virus was isolated from
nasal and rectal swabs. The seroconversion (by using serum
neutralization test) in infected animal confirmed the results. The
serological survey in serum samples collected from 200 infected
animals indicating an incidence of (60%) positive cases.
Twenty cases from both six (9 Friesian calves aged 3-8 months, 4
cows aged 18-30 months, 6 buffalo-calves aged 3-7 months and 1
adult buffalo aged 4 years) proved to be BVD positive and dead after
a period of illness were examined The pathological study of the present work spot the light on the high risk of BVD in farm animals specially calves. The clinical manifestations were mainly gastro-intestinal and respiratory in nature including diarrhea, gastro-intestinal crump, excessive salivation, congestion and erosions on the tongue and gum, nasal discharge, cough and lacrimation.
Grossly the tangue, esophagus, reticulum and abomasum
showed congestion, erosion and ulceration. The intestine was
congested and contains blood mixed with faceases, beside ulcerative
and necrotic changes. Mesenteric lymph node and spleen appeared
larger in size than the normal. The lungs were edematous,
emphysematous with red hepatization. Liver was yellowish in color, and large in size (fatty liver). The heart was congested and flabby in
some cases.
Microscopically, congestion, edema and mononuclear cells
(MNC) aggregation were seen in tongue, esophagus, reticulum and
abomasum with erosions and ulcerations. Gastro-intestinal tract
showed hemorrhagic gastritis and necrotic enteritis. Spleen, lymph
node and Peyer’s patches showed depletion of the lymphocytic
elements. The lungs showed interstitial and fibrinous pneumonia.
Hydropic and vacuolar degeneration with fatty changes was observed
in the hepatic tissues. Coagulative necrosis, hemorrhage and
aggregation of Anitschkow myocytes were seen in cardiac muscle.
The results were discussed and a control program for BVDV
(especially for calves) must be considered.