الفهرس 
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Abstract
Growth promoters that improve the rate and efficiency of growth in livestock have been used for 30 years. These products include compounds that can generally classified as antibiotic and anabolics.
Nowadays the widespread use of growth promoters in poultry farms is parctised without any control.
Growth promoting agent’s residues in meat have a harmful effect on human health.
The present work is carried out to detect residues of the both enrofloxacin and oestradiol in broilers meat.
For detection of enrofloxacin residues, sixty chickens (one-day-old) were used. They were reared under the same environmental condition, the same ration and the same vaccination programe without using any antibiotics for the first 45 days.
The broilers were given enrofloxacin orally (l0mg/kg.b.w) for 5 successive days. After 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours from the last dose of drug administration, 5 chickens were slaughtered for each time, then samples from the breast and thigh muscles, liver, kidney, heart, gizzard, lung, skin and fat were collected and examined for the presence of enrofloxacin residues and the results were recorded. The highest level (0.781 ttg/g and 0.590 p,g/g).of enrofloxacin was detected in the liver and kidney. from two hours onwards, enrofloxacin residues showed a gradual and consistent decrease from all tissue samples until 12 hours post-drug administration. The withdrawal times of enrofloxacin were 48 hours from gizzard, heart, breast, and thigh muscles, 72 hours from gizzard, heart, breast, and thigh muscles and lung, 96 hours from gizzard, heart, breast, and thigh muscles, lung, kidney, skin and fat and 120 hours from all samples. Therefore, enrofloxacin residues were completely disappeared from chicken meat and organs 5 days post-drug administration.
In detectiori of the effect of home treatment on enrofloxacin residues, 20 chickens were orally administrated enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg b.w) once daily for 5 successive days and slaughtered 2 hours post-drug adminitration. Five chickens were put in boiling water for 30 minutes, other five chickens were roasted in hot air oven at 150°C for 30 min, and other five chickens were fried in boiling cotton seed oil for 15 minutes the last five chickens were stored at freezer at -18°C for several weekes with weekly examination. The chickens muscles and organs were tested for the presence of enrofloxacin residues. Enrofloxacin residues could not be detected after boiling or roasting or frying chicken gizzard, heart, lung, skin and fat samples, whereas it significantly decreased in the kidney, liver, breast and thigh muscles.
After freezing at -18°C the residues of enrofloxacin disappeared from the skin and fat at the sixth week, from gizzard, heart and lung at the seventh week and from the kidneys at the tenth week of freezing. Enrofloxacin residues decreased to about one third of its initial content in these organs on the fifth or sixth week of freezing. For detection the effect of hormonal administration on body weight of treated broilers, 350 chicks (one-day-old) were fed on a balanced ration free from hormones and received the same program of prophylaxis and vaccination and the birds were divided into three groups after 21 days.
The control group: consisted of 50 birds, which were fed on the same balanced ration free from hormone. The average body weight were 912, 1110, and 1795 gm after 30, 42, and 50 days respectively.
The second group: consisted of 100 birds and were received daily Ethinyl Oestradiol tablets orally. The average body weights were 1452, 1630, and 2075 gm at 30, 42, and 50 days. The perecentage of increase in thier body weight was 25.2%.
The third group: consisted of 100 birds, which were given orally Nordette tablets daily. The average body weights were 1430, 1570, and 2013 gm at 30, 42, and 50 days respectively. The percentage of increase in their body weight was 23.7%.
The forth group: consisted of 100 birds and were injected inramusclar with folone at dose of 2.5 mg at interval 10 days for 3 successive doses. The average body weight were 1452, 1690, and 2145 gm at 30, 42, and 50 days. The percentage of increase in thier body weight was 28.5%. While hormonal administration showed a significant increase on the weight of the internal organs. The average weights of liver were 35, 35.5, and 34.2 gm in case of Nordette, Ethinyl Oestradiol and Folone treatment respectively. The average weight of kidney was 9.3, 9.5, and 19.5 gm in case of Nordette, Ethinyl Oestradiol and Folone treatment respectively. The average weights of spleen were 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7 gm in case of Nordette, Ethinyl Oestradiol and Folone treatment respectively. The average weights of heart were 5.9, 6, and 6.9 gm in case of Nordette, Ethinyl Oestradiol and Folone treatment respectively. TIN average weights of lung were 7.1, 7.3, and 7.7 gm in case of Nordette, Ethinyl Oestradiol and Folone treatment respectively. The average weights of gizzard were 38, 39, and 39.1 gm in Case of Nordette, Ethinyl Oestradiol and Folone treatment respectiely.
For detection of hormonal residues in tissues of treated broilers, the birds of the treated group orally were slaughtered 4 days post treatment.
Hormones residues in the injected group by 2.5 mg folone/ 10 days for three times in muscle, fat, liver, and kidney were (0.8, 3.9, 2.3, and 2.1 ng/g) respectively. However, in muscles, fat, liver, and kidneys of treated broilers by Ethinyl Oestradiol were (0.22, 2.30, 2.1 and 1.93 ng/g) respectively. In addition, in muscles, fat, liver, and kidney of treated broilers by Nordette were (0.19, 2, 1.9 and 1.2 ng/g) respectively.