الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hypophosphataemia one of the metabolic diseases which threaten the Egyptian buffaloes every year especially at barseem season (from December to May and I SL half of June) as barseem rich in calcium and poor in inorganic phosphorus.
This study was carried out on 55 buffaloes, at ages varying from 5 to 12 years. Buffaloes were pregnant and non pregnant. This study was carried at period from December to 1 SL half of June 2002, 2003 and 2004). Two blood samples were collected from each animal before treatment and after 10 and 30 days from treatment. The first sample was collected on anticoagulant to study blood picture and the second sample was collected without anticoagulant for separation of serum for
biochemical analysis. Also, urine samples were collected by catheter from each animal before treatment and 10, 30 days after treatment to study the physical and chemical properties of urine. Also, two blood films from each animal were stained for parasitic examination. These buffaloes were divided into 4 groups: Group I: contained (10) buffaloes with subclinical hypophospha taemia (SCHP). Group II: contained (21) buffaloes suffered from clinical hypo phosphataemia with haemoglobinuria (CHP). Group III: included (5) buffaloes suffered from chronic hypophosphataemia (ChHP).
Group IV: included (19) buffaloes that were clinically apparently healthy ad considered control group.
Group I: (subclinical hypophosphataemia).
These cases were admitted to the clinic at berseem season with signs of depraved appetite preferring to thy feed and rthise barseem feeding, decrease in milk yield, foam at the mouth during rumination. Body temperature, pulse and respiratory rates were non significantly changed, while ruminal movement was significantly decreased. There were non significant changes in urine reaction, colour and no glucosuria, haemoglobinuria and albuminuria. Blood picture showed non significant changes on Hb, TRBC5, PCV, TWBC5 and platelets Biochemical analysis of blood serum showed a high significant decrease in serum inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron and Tipc and copper, while serum calcium, magnesium, zinc and glucose were non significantly changed. The serum enzymes activities showed a high significant decrease in serum ALP, while, serum ACP and LDH were significantly increased. Serum urea and creatinine were non significantly changed. The electrolytes showed non significant changes in total protein, albumin, total globulin and its fraction. Also there was no change in AJG ratio. The diseased buffaloes were treated with sodium acid phosphate
150 gm orally for 3 successive days, together with injection of 25 ml of Toldimphos (20%). The clinical symptoms disappear within 3 days. Group II: (clinical hypophosphataemia with hacinoglobinuria): These cases appeared at barseem season with signs of sudden voiding of red urine varied. Animals suffered from inappetence, depraved appetite, pale mucous membrane. Also, there was decrease in milk yield. Body temperature was within normal level, while a significant increase was recorded in pulse and respiratory rate and significant decrease was recorded in ruminal
movement. Urine analysis indicated haemoglobinuria and albuminuria, while the reaction (pH) was non significantly changed and also no detection of glucosuria.
The blood picture showed a high significant decrease in Hb,
TRBCs, PCV, platelets and MCHC while eosinophils (E)~ MCH were high significantly increased. On the other hand, there were non significant changes in TWBCs, neutrophils (N), basophils (B), lymphocytes (L) and monocytes (M).
The biochemical analysis of serum showed a high significant
decrease in serum inorganic phosphorus, serum sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, Tipic and copper, while serum calcium, magnesium ad glucose were insignificantly changed.
The serum enzymes activities showed a high significant decrease in serum ALP, while serum ACP and LDH were highly significantly increased. Also, serum urea and creatinine were highly significantly increased. The electrophoresis showed a high decreases in total proteins, albumin and A/G ratio. While the total globulin and y globulin were significantly increased. The affected animals were successively treated by sodium acid phosphate dissolved in distalled water as 20% with a dose of 300 ml I/V and repeated with same dose after 12 h S/C for 3 times together with dibasic sodium phosphate 100 gm orally till the symptoms disappear. Also, with the injection of 25 ml toldmiphos IN, the symptoms disappear.
Group III: (chronic hypophosphataemia) These cases appeared at the end of barseem season with signs of
locomotor disturbance, depraved appetite, arched back and decrease in milk yield. Animals appeared anaemic and dehydrated. The body
temperature was within normal level. While pulse and respiratory rates were significantly increased and respiration was shallow. Blood picture showed a high significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TRBCS and platelets, while TWBCs and MCH showed highly significant increase. On the other hand neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, MCHC and MCV were non significantly changed. Regarding biochemical analysis showed high significant decrease in serum inorganic phosphorus and also the serum sodium, potassium, selenium and glucose while serum calcium, magnesium, zinc were
non significantly changed. Also, serum enzymes activities showed a high significant decrease in serum ALP and high significant increase in serum ACP and LDH. Serum urea and creatinine showed high significant increase. Also,
electrophoresis pattern showed a high significant decrease in serum total proteins, albuminland A/G ratio. While total globulin and globulin fraction were non significantly changed.
These animals were successfully treated with
-300 ml sodium acid phosphate 20% I/V followed by the same
dose S/C every 12 hours for three times.
-150 gm dibasic sodium phosphate orally/day.
- Injection of glucose 25% and 110 gm of glycerol orally/daily.
-Injection of phosphofrot 25 ml JIM daily.
- Phenylbetazon as an anti-inflammatory 10 ml also injected JIM to remove muscle stiffhess.
Conclusion:
-Hypophosphataemia is a metabolic disease threaten, the Egyptian buffaloes every year at barseem season as barseem was poor in inorganic phosphorus and rich in calcium and consequently impair Ca: P ratio, which lead to hypophosphataemia.
-Excessive feeding on barseem should be avoided during barseem season as the animal should feed at least once/day on high quality roughage and bran as a source of phosphorus to avoid hypophosphataemia.
-Also, avoid ration which has unbalanced Ca: P ratio.
-Dibasic sodium phosphate or bone meal must be added to the animals food to protect them against hypophosphataemia.
-Sodium acid phosphate and phosphorus preparation are the main treatment for cases with hypophosphataemia.
-Some complication from hypophosphataemia as severe anaemia, renal dysfunction and other associated deficiencies must be put in mind during treatment of hypophosphataemia.
-Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary for rapid and complete recovery.
-Chronic hypophosphataemia need long time for recovering.