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Abstract The different circumstances and predisposing factors at which puLmonar y tuberculosis ma-z OCcur were studied among 2000 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. One thousand of these cases were taken as a retrospective study and the other thousand were stud aed during their . hospitalization. Most of the patients were males (83.05%) while females were only 16.95 %. The highest incidence of the disease was found between 21-30 years (39.35%) espicially at the age group of 21-25 years (24.5%). 54% of the patients were unmarried while the married patients were 44.2% and 1.8% were widows As regards occupation, it was eviden: that the highest incidence was among labourers (4::.9%) which may be due to their low socioeconomic level, over work and fatigue. The soldiers represented 10. 6:~, followed by the students (9.05%).the salers (7.25%), the clerks (6.75%), the farmers (3.6%), and lastly the paramedical staff (0.4%). As regards the patients habits, the hi.qhast; were cigarette smokers (44.55%). smokers. 5.55% were hashish addicts alcoholics. 16.6 % were and 1.15% goza were It was found that most of the patients were those of low socioeconomic levels with bad housing conditions’ 12.2% of the patients had a history of contact to an active tuberculous case. The history of long term treatment with corticosteroids was present in 1.8% of the patients. Most of the patients were anaemic (59.1 %). As regards the other clinical conditions. diabetes melli tus was the most important (7.8%). 69.9% of the diabetic tuberculous patients were males and only 30.1% were females. Most of these cases were in the fifth and sixth decades of life. The majority of these cases were diagnosed as diabetics at time of admission for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. This reflects the importance of urine testing for suger and blood suger curve for tuberculous patients espicially those of old age. Bronchial asthma was found in 0.65% of the patients (recei ved corticosteroids) • 0.6% with history of pleural effusion, 0.5 % with athmatic bronchi tis, and one case only (0.05%) of silicosis. Congestive heart failure was found in 0.6% of patients , one case of rheumatic carditis (0.05%) and also one case (0.05 %l of fallot’s tetralogy. Peptic ulcer was found in 3 cases «(l.lS%) and 2 cases (0.1 %) had a history of partial gastrectomy. Chronic renal failure was found in cases (0.15 %). As regards the role of parasitic infestation, ascariasis was found in 8.65%, then bilharziasis (4.3%) and lastly ancylostomiasis (1.85%). It is concluded that much stress should be put on both case finding and preventive measures among persons wi th high liability for developing pulmonary tuberculosis. These include young adults, contacts to tuberculous cases, people living in low socioeconomic level with bad housing conditions, high risk occupational groups especially labourers and army recruits, smokers (cigarette smokers, goza smokers and hashish addicts) and those with a history of predisposing disease to pulmonary tuberculosis especially diabetes mellitus or those with long term treatment with corticosteroids. |