الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was done in Department of Physiology, Biochemistry & Pharmocology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, (Moshtohor). Zagazig University (Benha), during the period extended from May to Octobar 1995.
The study aimed to clarify the effect of environmental pollution (industrial and agricultural pollutions) on some physiological and genetic processes of catfish (Clarias lazera).
The study included three groups, each group included ten adult, mature fishes.
1-The first group was collected from unpolluted locality which was considered as control group.
2-The second group was collected from an industrial polluted locality.
3-The third group was collected from agricultural polluted locality. Each group was kept in water from its same locality in aquarium in the laboratory for ten days.
Water analysis was done to water samples from the three localities to detnnine the following metals., cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, zinc, nickel and mangenase.
Routine hematology techniques were used to obtain blood picture and used as an index for physiological processes. Chromosomal aberration and micronuclei tests were used as an index to evaluate the relationship between the genetic processes and the effect of water pollution.
The Following results were obtained :
1-The overall mean of cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, zinc, nickel and manganese concentrations (PPm) in the unpolluted water were 0.003, 0.008, 0.00; 0.36, 0.17, 0.006 and 0.02 PPm respectively. The all metals were within the acceptable permissible limit of WHO.
2-In the industrial polluted water, 100% of water samples exceeding the permissible limit of WHO for cadmium, Lead, nickel and manganese and 60% for mercury, whereas. Copper and Zinc were not detected.
3-In the agricultural polluted water, 100% of water samples exceeding the permissible limit for cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel arid manganese while Zinc was within the permissible limit and copper was not detected.
4-In the unpolluted water (control group), the average number of erythrocyte was 2.88 x 106 / cumm, Hb concentration was 6.42 /dl & PCV was 33.86%. The average number of leukocytes was 1.45 x 104 / cu mm the differential count was heterophils 6.5, basophils 1.3%, eosinophils 2.2%, monocytes 5.7%, and lymphocytes 84.3’)/0.
5-Industrial pollution caused significant decrease in totol erythrocytes, leukocytes count, PCV and lymphocytes. Mean while, heterophils and basiophils percentage were increased.
6-The agricultural pollution caused more pronounced effect on the blood picture.
7-The normal screening of chromosomes of Clarias lazera showed that, the normal diploid number of chromosomes was 2n = 56. The normal karyotype was, 11 pairs of submetacentric, 10 pairs of metacentric, 4 pairs of subtelocentric and 3 pairs of telocentric.
8-Both industrial and agricultural water pollutions caused an increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations but the frequency in agricultural pollution was higher than in the industrial pollution.
9- The types of aberrations observed in this study were structural chromosmol aberrations (break, gap, deletion, ring, centromeric attenuation), aneuploidy, condensation and non-specified metaphase.
10-The predominant types of aberrations by exposure to industrial pollution were break, ring, and centromeric attenuation.
11-The predominant types of aberrations by exposure to agricultural pollution were gap, deletion, aneuploidy and condensation.
12-Both industrial and agricultural water pollutions caused a significant increase in the frequency of mironuclei but the frequency in agricultural pollution Was higher than in the industrial pollution.
13-It could be concluded that agricultural and industrial pollutions casued marked changes in hematological and chromosomal parameters in cat fish (Clarias Lazera). These hematological and chromosomal parameters could also be used as criteria for pollution intensity which can be used to avoid its toxic effect on aquatic environment. Sub sequently, damage to fish wealth and national income.