الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The importance of irrigation is recently stressed upon with the advent of the new mechanized instrumentation
technique that always recommended working in wet canals. the effectiveness of irrigation relies on both the mechanical flushing action and the chemical ability of irrigants to dissolve tissues. Both new devices, F-file and EndoActivator were compared to ultrasonic and traditional needle using different irrigant solutions (2.6% NaOCI, 17%EDTA. 2% CHX and 10% citric acid) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of each device to improve
the clcaning capacity of these solutions