الفهرس 
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Abstract
The presented study was carried out on ninety eight 98cows (2-11 years old) native n=14 and cross-breed n=84, In the period from January 2009 to March 2011, these animals were sporadic field clinical cases and scanned for pathological affections, these animals were divided into three groups:
1. Group I (normal cows):
Included 11 cows with normal genitalia, ultrasonogrphic examination of these animals revealed that their ovaries were active carrying either follicles and/or CL. These follicles characterized by a central anechoic antrum surrounded by a very thin hyperechoic wall. Small, medium and large follicles ranged from 5-18 mm. in diameter .While the CL characterized by roughly granular, gray-structured oval area with or without cavity. Small, medium and large CL with range of 14-18 mm. in diameter. The cervix and uterus appeared normal by rectal and sonographic examination.
2. Group II (abnormal cows):
2.1. Endometritis
included sixty cows with history of repeat breeding.These animals were examined by rectal examination and confirmed by ultrasonographic examination as mild degree of endometritis revealed a mild thickening of endometrium and uterus with segmental accumulation of anechoic fluid within the uterine lumen .The severe degree of endometritis was characterized by thickening of the endometrium and a wide spread accumulation of uterine fluid within the uterus.
These animals were divided into 5 subgroups according to protocol of treatment.
2.1.1. Subgroup (1): included 6 cows treated with Cloprostenol 500 µg intramuscular. All animals came in heat and inseminated. Ultrasonographic examination (25-35 days post-insemination) revealed that only two cows became pregnant. While at (45-90 days post-insemination 5 cows from treated animals diagnosed pregnant and only one cow still repeat breeding.
2.1.2. Subgroup (2): included 6 cows treated with 500mg cephapirin (as benzathine) intra-uterine. All cows came in heat and were inseminated after complete healing which diagnosed by rectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination.
Ultrasonographic examination 25-35 days post-insemination revealed that 4 cows were pregnant. While at (45-90 days post-insemination 5 cows from treated animals diagnosed pregnant and only one cow still repeat breeding.
2.1.3. Subgroup (3): included 17 cows treated with ceftiofur 1 mg/kg b. w. /day for 5 consecutive days by intramuscular injection. All cows came in heat and were inseminated after complete healing which diagnosed by rectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination.
Ultrasonographic examination 25-35 days post-insemination revealed that 9 cows were pregnant. While at (45-90 days post-insemination) 16 cows from treated animals diagnosed pregnant and only one cow still repeat breeding.
2.1.4. Subgroup (4): included 13 cows which treated with Oxytetracycline 5gm intra uterine twice weekly. All cows came in heat and were inseminated after complete healing which diagnosed by rectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination.
Ultrasonographic examination 25-35 days post-insemination revealed that 2 cows were pregnant. While at (45-90 days post-insemination 6 cows from treated animals diagnosed pregnant and 7cows still repeat breeding.
2.1.5. Subgroup (5): included 18 cows treated with dinoprost 25 mg I/M plus Oxytetracycline 5gm intrauterine. All cows came in heat and were inseminated after complete healing which diagnosed by rectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination.
Ultrasonographic examination 25-35 days post-insemination revealed that 8cows were pregnant. While at (45-90 days post-insemination 12 cows from treated animals diagnosed pregnant and 6 cows still repeat breeding.
2.2. Inactive ovary
Included (5 cows) and did not receive any treatment.
2.3. Cystic ovary
Included 3 cows and did not receive any treatment.
2.4. Pyometra
Included 2 cows .By ultrasonography pyometra appeared as a great distention of the uterine lumen with hypo echoic mass contain hyperechoic particles which appeared in ultrasonographic image as continuous motion (snow storm).
The two cows were treated with one injection of PGF2α (25mg dinoprost) followed by intra-uterine irrigation with bovidone iodine 0.5%intrauterine 3 times 3 days intervals. The two animals were inseminated when came in heat after complete healing-after two consecutive cycles-which diagnosed by rectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination.
Ultrasonographic examination (25-35 days post-insemination) revealed that only one cow was diagnosed pregnant.
2.5. Mummified fetus
Included 2cows. By ultrasonography mummified fetus appears as hyper echoic bone shadows in the absence of fluid content, lack of fluid contrast or dense bony shadows. Fetus appears smaller than expected and no signs of viability of fetus were found.
The two cows were treated with one injection of PGF2α (25mg dinoprost). They came in heat and fetal remnants were removed by hand from the vagina. At the following heat the two cows were inseminated and examined by ultrasound at (25-35 days) post-insemination, one of them diagnosed as pregnant.
2.6. Hydrometra
Included one cow and did not receive any treatment.
2.7. Metritis
Included (2cows) with a history of repeat breeding and did not receive any treatment.
2.8. Uterine – Peritoneal adhesion
Included one cow with a history of bad handling during parturition and repeat breeder and advised owner to cull it.
2.9. Cervcitis-endometritis complex Included (6 cows) and did not receive any treatment.
2.10. Cervicitis
Included (5cows) with history of repeat breeding. Ultrasonographically, cervicitis appeared as an increase in thickness and echogenicity of cervical rings with ill identified hypo-echoic lumen. All cows were treated with infusion of oxtetracycline 5% then one injection of Cloprostenol 500µg I/M. when came in heat and were inseminated after complete healing which diagnosed by ultrasonographic examination and rectal palpation.
Ultrasonographic examination 25-35 days post-insemination revealed that only 3 cows were pregnant and 2 cows still repeat breeding.