الفهرس 
Etiology
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Abstract
In the present study, the inhibitory effects of fusidic acid on the in vitro growth of bovine and equine Babesia parasites were evaluated. The inhibitory effect of fusidic acid on the in vivo growth of Babesia microti was also assessed. The in vitro growth of four Babesia species were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by micromolar concentrations of fusidic acid (IC50 values = 144.8, 17.3, 33.3, and 56.25 µM for Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, and Theileria equi, respectively. Combinations of fusidic acid with diminazene aceturate synergistically potentiated its inhibitory effects in vitro on B. bovis and B. caballi. In B. microti-infected mice, fusidic acid caused significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of the growth of B. microti at the dose of 500 mg/kg BW relative to control group. These results indicate that fusidic acid might be incorporated in treatment of babesiosis. In the same context, allicin was tested as potent inhibitor against the in vitro growth of bovine and equine Babesia parasites, and the in vivo growth of Babesia microti in mouse model. The in vitro growth of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, or Theileria equi was inhibited at dose-dependent of allicin and had IC50 of 818, 675, 470 and 742 µM, respectively. Moreover, allicin significantly inhibited (P < 0.001) invasion of Babesia
Summary and conclousions
990
bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, and Theileria equi into host erythrocyte. Furthermore, mice treated 30 mg/kg of allicin for five days significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the parasitemia of Babesia microti over period of the study. To study the potential synergism of allicin with diminazene aceturate, growth inhibitory assays were performed in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, combinations of diminazene aceturate with allicin synergistically potentiated its inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that allicin might be beneficial for treatment of babesiosis particularly when used combined to diminazene aceturate. Furthermore, apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) is a microneme protein that exists in all apicomplexan parasites and plays an indispensable role in the invasion into host cell. Central region of ectodomains I and II of B. bovis apical membrane antigen-1 (BbAMA-1P) is highly conserved with these of Babesia species and may be beneficial for vaccine development against babesiosis. In the present study, recombinant protein encoding the central region of B. bovis AMA-1 (rBbAMA-1P) was produced in E. coli and its antiserum was prepared in mice for further molecular characterization. Anti-rBbAMA-1P serum specifically reacted with corresponding authentic protein of B. bovis as determined by Western blotting and IFAT. Cultured B. bovis treated with anti-rBbAMA-1P serum showed significant reduction in the in vitro growth of the parasites.