الفهرس 
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Abstract
Transport has serious negative impacts on the environment. The Egyptian National Railways (ENR) plays a vital role in transporting both passengers and freight in Egypt. It is the governmental authority, affiliated to the Ministry of Transport, in charge of operation, maintenance and upgrading the railway network and railway services. ENR has many types of pollutions. Currently, the environmental function of ENR comprises only one full time manager. It has no environmental studies. This research discusses the importance of establishing this administration, its various alternatives, and compares them to determine the most appropriate one, in addition to assess the environmental situation.
The objectives of this thesis are to:
1- Assess the current situation of environment in ENR.
2- Assess ENR institutional and legislations situation regarding the
environment.
3- Suggest the most suitable organization structure for establishing a new
directorate for environmental affairs to serve improving the
management of environment.
This thesis is divides into 7 chapters and 4 appendices contain: 1-
Introduction, 2- Literature review of the previous works, 3- Materials, Methods
and procedures used to assess the environmental situation in ENR, 4- The current
situation of Environment in ENR and SWOT Analysis has been presented. 5-
Strategic Environmental Evaluation and Multi Criteria Analysis to evaluate the
most suitable alternative to establish a new Environmental Affairs Directorate
(EAD). 6- Action plan to implement the development of environmental situation
in ENR. 7- The conclusions, recommendations and further works.
Appendix (I) Global, Regional and National Constrains affecting environment in ENR. Appendix (II) the environmental standards and norms.
Appendix (III) Profile of ENR, its law, organization, and its assets. Appendix
(IV) explains background on the management definitions and organization
structures which helps in determining the criteria used in the Multi Criteria
Analysis. Appendix (IV) explains an example for calculating the MCA for the
administrative criteria.
The recommendations resulted from this research are:
• ENR should use fuel with better specifications especially the sulphur ratio
in the diesel fuel.
• Improve technologies to reduce emissions by more efficient engines.
• Improve locomotive maintenance.
• ENR should start the procedures to establishing a central directorate for
environment affairs under the safety and risk sector and includes the
general directorate for cleaning in addition to establishing environment
laboratories.
• Prepare plans for raising environment awareness for the employees of
ENR.
• Prepare plans for training the environment staff.
• Preparing plans (as European railways) to achieve carbon-free train
operation by 2050.
• Investigate the possibilities to replace locomotives by electrified ones.