الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Alexandria is highly vulnerable to climate change problem especially the sea level nse (SLR) hazard, which is considered one of the main consequences of the human induced climate change. Urban planning practices that do not consider the SLR induced risks; uncertainty about risk level; shortage of regional studies; absence of integrated plans to face such problem; and limited financial resources; all, make it difficult for the Egyptian decision makers to adopt clear strategic programs. Hence, the advantage of having a tool that provide an accurate vulnerability and risk assessment to similar coastal cities is obvious. A GIS-based archetypal model has been developed to inspect the vulnerability and assess the impacts of the SLR to Alexandria and similar coastal zones facing the same risk. The proposed model presents a new concept for coastal vulnerability assessment that has been originally named ”crestline development and inspection.” This original concept grasps a line that connects the crests of virtual weirs delineated along the shoreline and the existing shore protection structures that protect the inland from flood. The proposed model have three inputs related to the studied coastal area; a digital elevation model, a land use digital map and a predicted SLR value. As a result, the model identifies the risk zones along the crestline, the flood extent map in case of no protection action taken, and the impact of that flood on the land use activities. This model has been implemented on Alexandria through performing four SLR scenarios. Scenario 1 (SLR = 0.5 m) and scenario 2 (SLR = 1.0 m) have shown a certain degree of exposure to flood risk where the total lengths of risk zones along the crestline have been 2.6 km and 12.43 km, respectively, and the flood extent has been relatively small. Thus, the SLR has minor effect on Alexandria in both scenarios. In contrast, the exposure degree to flood risk is noticeably high in scenario 3 (SLR = 1.5 m) where the total length of risk zones has been 30.31 km with a large flood extent making Alexandria in a critical situation. Finally, in scenario 4 (SLR = 2.0 m) the total length of risk zones has been 48.96 km and Alexandria will be in a very critical situation, hence, it is recommended to abandon the current location and relocate the mass population and investments.