الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Mandibular transverse deficiency is one of the most challenging malocclusion in orthodontics. Mandibular intercanine width increase has always been one of the taboos in treatment modalities. Conventional methods of increasing the mandibular intercanine widths have been associated with problems, the most common of which is relapse and unstability. Distraction osteogenesis provided new horizons for treatment and its application in the craniofacial region has opened new insights into alternative superior treatment modalities. Mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis is considered for the treatment of cases that are unexpected to respond well to conventional means of treatment. Thus, the transverse envelope of discrepancy for mandibular alterations can be addressed by symphyseal osteotomy and gradual osteodistraction.