الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF LOWER LIMB ARTERIAL SYSTEMOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
onventional catheter-based x-ray angiography has long served as the imaging modality of choice in this respect and is still considered the gold slandered. High cost, invasiveness, and associated risks have motivated the development and evaluation of non-invasive peripheral vascular imaging techniques. Development of MRA and colour Doppler sonography during the past few years has considerably improved the evaluation of patient with peripheral arterial disease.
from our study we conclude the following
Both CDU and CE-MRA are accurate, effective, non invasive and practical imaging modalities for assessment and follow up of PAD.
Both techniques provide information on the full anatomical extent of stenosis with accurate estimation of the degree of stenosis.
CDU with its high level of diagnostic accuracy in the femoral and popliteal arteries is complimented by MR angiography of the pelvic and calf arteries. In combination, both these techniques challenge diagnostic arteriography for imaging of peripheral arteries.
CE-MRA showed higher accuracy than CDU especially in large arteries at aortoiliac region.
CE-MRA provides a useful adjuvant to a haemodynamic Doppler testing; complimenting the physiological data that Doppler testing provides and expands anatomical information. Both techniques can now give an accurate rendition of the extent of lower extremity arterial disease.
CE-MRA is the most accurate diagnostic technique for the detection of (50% or more) stenosis or occlusion, with most studies reporting sensitivities and specificities of over 90%. The patients who had no contraindications for MRA preferred MRA to contrast angiography.
CE-MRA is a safe and accurate technique for the diagnosis and characterization of lower-extremity arterial disease. Owing to its ability to provide rapid yet comprehensive information that allows decision making in clinical practice, assessment of lower-extremity arteries in patients with suspected PAD.
The sensitivity of duplex US seems to be inferior to CE-MRA which means that duplex US may miss some significant stenoses. Some adverse events associated with duplex US — namely, anxiety or minor pain or discomfort during or immediately after the procedure.
The majority of patients have no preference between MR angiography and duplex US in the diagnostic work-up of PAD. Among patients who do have a preference, MR angiography was preferred over duplex US.
Replacing duplex US with CE-MRA for the initial imaging work-up of patients with PAD reduces the need for additional imaging, although diagnostic costs are higher.
from data that reported the accuracy of the imaging tests at assessing arterial segments. Contrast Enhanced MRA seemed to have better overall diagnostic accuracy than Color duplex ultrasonography.