الفهرس 
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Abstract
In patients with epilepsy there is indeed a convincing evidence of biochemical abnormalities indicating disturbed bone metabolism and decreased bone density.
So, the present study aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents with epilepsy and to determine the clinical and laboratory factors associated with diminished BMD in those patients.
Consequently, 25 children with epilepsy were selected to participate in the study. In addition, there were 25 age and sex matched controls. All participants were subjected to careful history taking, thorough clinical examination, laboratory investigations included serum Ca, P, vitamin D and assessment of BMD using DEXA scan.
In the present study, 7 patients out of 25 (28.0 %) had abnormal bone mineral density. Furthermore, the present study found that epileptic patients had statistically significant lower BMD values when compared with controls and subsequently
there was statistically significant higher frequency of abnormal
BMD expressed as osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Comparison between patients and controls regarding the laboratory findings didn’t reveal statistically significant differences.
Comparison between patients with low and normal BMD regarding the demographic parameters no statistically significant differences between patients with normal and abnormal BMD regarding the demographic characteristics. However, patients with abnormal BMD had higher frequency of males when compared with patients without in spite of the fact that the difference remains statistically insignificant.
Comparison between patients low and normal BMD regarding the type of seizures revealed that that patients with generalized epilepsy had significantly higher frequency of abnormal BMD when compared with patients with partial epilepsy.In respect to the association between disease characteristics and BMD, the present study found that patients with abnormal BMD had significantly longer disease duration when compared with patients with normal BMD.