الفهرس 
Typhoid feverOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Enteric fever continues to be a major health problem in developing countries. The good standard for diagnosis isolation of salmonella typhi and parathyphi antigens from bone marrow, blood, stool and urin. However in developing countries isolation of organism is often Jeopardized by lack of facilities or inadequate and improper antibiotic prior to culture and also cuture positive cases are very less, time consuming and expensive for these reasons laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever relies heavily on serological test such as widal test. In endemic region interpretation of widal test depends on knowledge of the baseline titres among health population so widal test can be used as diagnostic tool in enteric fever in endemic areas if we know the baseline titres.
These titres can be used as cut off value to spacify diagnostic titres.
The aim of our study to determin baseline titres of widal test in healthy children in Qaliubiya governorate in this study cross sectional study was done in Qaliubiya and collected samples were tested in clinical pathology lab of Benha university hospital.
250 healthy children were participated in this study they were school children some of them from urban areas and the others from rural areas.
Inclusion criteria were:
- Age less than 15 years.
- No present history of fever.
- Age more than 5 years.
Exclusion criteria:
- Age more than 15 years.
- Present history of fever.
- Age less than 5 years.
For all subjects the following was done
- Questionnaires to evaluate present and past clinical conditions of participant.
- Clinical assessment to exclude presence of fever or any pathology.
- Laboratory investigation included: widal test
Results of our study showed that:
- The anti O antibody has the highest percentage expression then anti H followed by anti AH then anti BH antibody.
- The titre of 1/20 is most frequent among healthy population followed by titre of 1/40 then 1/80 and titre of 1/160.
- The age group of (9-12) years has the highest percentage for anti O titres positivity then age group of (5-8) years and age group of (13-15).
- The comparison between males and females regarding various titre levels of anti O, anti H, anti AH and anti BH antibodies of salmonella is insignificant.
- The comparison between rural and urban regarding to various titre levels of anti O, anti H, ant AH and BH antibodies of salmonella is insignificant.
Conclusion:
- Baseline titre of anti O and anti HT is 1/80 and uncertain zone is more than 1/80 up to 1/160.
- Baseline titre for anti AH is 1/40 and uncertain zone is more than 1/40 up to 1/80. Baseline titre of anti BH antibody is 1/20 and uncertain zone is more than 1/20 up to 1/40.
- Titre positively among healthy population is increased at age of 9-12 years.