الفهرس 
CarbohydrateOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The basic goals of nutrition during infancy and childhood are achieving optimal growth and development and prevention of deficiencystates. Malnutrition, a clinical condition in which there is disequilibrium between nutrient intake and requirements, may result from insufficient intake, exaggerated loss of nutrients, or increased catabolism. The liver plays a central role in energy andnutrient metabolism.Malnutrition is common in children with chronic liver diseases (CLD) and involves several mechanisms, including decreased dietary intake, increased intestinal losses, malabsorption, increased energy expenditure, and disordered metabolism of various substrates.While children with acute liver disease have a much higher nutritional reserve. Moreover the problem of malnutrition is worse in infants and children with cholestatic liver diseases (e.gextrahepatic biliary atresia, neonatal hepatitis syndrome, including α-1antitrypsin deficiency, inbornerrors of bile salt synthesis or transport, Alagille syndrome, hypothyroidism, and panhypopituitarism). Steatorrhea, malabsorptionof the fat-soluble vitamins and failure to thrive are common nutritional consequences in these patients. In some conditions, liver diseases and malnutrition may be attributed to a common cause like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, cystic fibrosis and short bowel syndrome. The other face of the coin is that liver diseases can be secondary to overfeeding, excess calories and obesity that induce hepatic steatosis and non alcoholic fatty liver diseases.