الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nearly one in five people living in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is between the ages of 15 and 24, an age group defined as ―youth,‖ which is a period of life when one makes the transition from the dependence of childhood to the independence of adulthood. As the average years of education increases and marriage is delayed, the transition to adulthood extends over a longer period of time, making adolescence an increasingly important stage for policy attention (Assaad and Roudi-Fahimi, 2007).
More than 2.6 million young people aged 10 to 24 die each year, mostly due to preventable causes. An estimated 150 million young people use tobacco. Approximately 430 young people die every day through interpersonal violence. Road traffic injuries cause an estimated 700 young people to die every day. Alcohol use starts at a young age: 14% of adolescent girls and 18% of boys aged 13–15 years in low- and middle-income countries are reported to use alcohol (WHO, 2011).
Aim of work
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of some health risk behaviors among Benha university students, and to determine the relation between the type of collage (practical and theoretical) and the prevalence of these behaviors and to identify the other factors that may increase the prevalence of these behaviors.
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Subjects and Methods
It is a cross sectional study carried out upon Benha university students. The field work was carried out during the 2nd term of the academic year 2011 - 2012. Three colleges were chosen by simple random sample (two practical, faculty of medicine and faculty of science) and one theoretical (faculty of commerce). Students were chosen by cluster sample technique, one section or specialty was chosen from each grade of each college by simple random sample.
The total number of students who agreed to fill the questionnaire was 1121 (672 from practical colleges, 190 from the faculty of science and 482 from the faculty of medicine and 449 from the theoretical one).
An informed written consent was obtained from all students before participation.
A structured anonymous self administered questionnaire sheet was used to collect data including data about personal and socio demographic data of students, behaviors that increase the risk of injury like lacking use of seat belt, bad dietary behaviors, smoking, alcohol and other substance abuse, lack of physical activity and medical history about chronic illness and compliance to treatment. The questionnaire was distributed upon 1121students and the response rate was about 85%.
Anthropometric measurements (measuring weight and height) were done for each student who fills the questionnaire on receiving it from him.
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The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Suitable tests of significance were calculated.
Results
In this study sixty two percent of the surveyed students were females. The mean age was 20.27 ±1.36 (SD) year ranging from 16 to 25 years. Of them 62% belonged to practical type of academic studies.
It is noticed that there were only 8.3% who were eating vegetables twice or more daily. In this study 27.4% were overweight, and 4.2% were obese.
In the current study there was significant association between age, gender, residence and religious commitment with the lack of physical activity (P<0.05) (OR were 1.38, 7.21, 1.36, 2.1 respectively) (95% CI =1.009-1.89, 4.816-10.79, 1.02-1.82, 1.57-2.81 respectively). Logistic regression revealed that male gender, rural residence and lack of religious commitment were significant predictors of physical inactivity.
The prevalence of smoking in this study was (94.5%) among males and (5.5%) among females. There was significant association between age, gender, collage and place of living with smoking (P<0.05) (OR were 4.44, 33.04, 3.31, 2.48 respectively) (95% CI =1.62-12.19, 10.24-106.66, 1.915-5.73, 1.23-5.02 respectively). Logistic regression revealed that age of ≥ 20years , male gender, theoretical collage ,being juniors, living away from family and lack of religious commitment were significant predictors of smoking.
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The percent of students who reported alcohol drinking was (0.5%) and other substance abuse was (4.7%). It is noticed that there was significant association between age, gender, collage and peer pressure with the substance abuse (P<0.05). (OR were 2.85, 6.45, 2.5, 3.14 respectively) (95% CI = 1.14-7.14, 3.16-13.16, 1.407-4.47, 1.208-8.14 respectively). Logistic regression revealed that male gender and theoretical collage were significant predictors of substance abuse.
The percentage of students who engaged in physical fight during the 1st term was 12.0%. There was significant association between gender, collage, place of living and friendship with being engaged in a physical fight (P<0.05) (OR were 2.64, 1.5, 2.05, 2.53 respectively) (95% CI = 1.77-3.94, 1.065-2.12, 1.24-3.35, 1.054-6.09 respectively). Logistic regression revealed that male gender was significant predictor of being engaged in physical fight.
There was 26.7% of surveyed students had road injuries.
Conclusion
The results of this study have demonstrated that some health risk behaviors are considerably prevalent among Benha university students.
Among these behaviors the most prevalent one was smoking among males. Others were the inactive life style, inappropriate dietary habits, substance abuse and unsafe behaviors that may cause unintentional injuries.
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Recommendations
Researchers suggest that despite the stereotype of adolescence as a period of ‗storm and stress,‘ teens actually tend to maintain a close relationship with their family during these years. For many, what actually happens during adolescence is that relationships are strengthened rather than broken. So a health education programe is to applied for the following objective: Decrease the prevalence of some health risk behaviors among Benha university students.
Strategy: Education of students, parents, university personnel and the community as a whole how to avoid health risk behaviors.
Implementation of the program can be performed along two terms:
-Long term stage: community development for promotion of health of the youth, collaboration of the different sectors of community in the process of socioeconomic development is important.
-Short term stage:
1-Here are several strategies for parents
Listen to your teen, act on teachable moments, focus on what is important, be willing to be unpopular, be respectful, help teens learn from experience, encourage participation in positive activities and help youth make healthy decisions.
2- Universities:
In addition to the role of parents, community organizations should provide health and nutrition education messages for college students
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through formal or informal programs to bring about behavioral changes in terms of physical activity, healthy dietary habits, avoid smoking and other substance abuse and following safety measures. University is a good community for applying such programs and presence of health education unit managed by trained health educators inside the university is recommended.