الفهرس 
NORMAL GROSS ANATOMYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
H
epatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered to be one of the most common malignancies world wide, In Egypt a high incidence rate of HCC has been reported. Worldwide, there is a strong association between chronic HCV infection & cirrhosis and HCC.
While the treatment of HCC is based on: transplantation, resection, ablation, and embolization.
Unfortunately, the vast majority of patients with HCC are not suitable for any of the surgical treatment options; therefore, adjuvant, less invasive treatments have to be considered.
Various percutaneous, locoregional therapeutic modalities have been developed and tested clinically over recent years for the treatment of HCC. These include intratumoral injection of ethanol or acetic acid and thermal ablation with RF, laser, microwaves, or cryosurgery.
RF ablation (RFA) is a simple, effective, and less expensive technique with a low morbidity compared with surgical treatment.
Accurate assessment of lesions after radiofrequency ablation is essential to evaluate the adequacy of treatment and guide further management.
MRI was used after ablation to evaluate the lesions, Radiologists need to be familiar with the appearance of lesions on MRI after ablation to evaluate the success of treatment, detect residual or recurrent tumor, and diagnose new lesions.
On MRI, the ablation area shows more homogenous T1 hyperintense and T2 hypointense signals without evidence of enhancement in post contrast study.
Signs of recurrence include new enhancement, lesion size increase, and development of T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense signal areas.