الفهرس 
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Abstract
Fifteen males suffolk lambs about 6 months age at Gemaza farm of the Animal Production Research Institute were used in this study. They divided into three groups 5 in each as follow.
Group I: Used as control and fed a basal ration, consisted of 15% soyabean, 60% maize and 25% wheat straw.
The chemical analysis of the compound ration showed that it contained 5.45 mg copper and 32.57 mg zinc / kg D.M. bases
Group II : Used for induction of copper deficiency by adition of 10 mg molybdenum in form of ammonium molybdatetetrahydrate and 3 gm sulphate in the form of sodium sulphate per kg to the basal ration.
Group III: Used for induction of zinc deficiency by adition of 2% calcium carbonate to the basal ration.
Three blood samples were taken at the beginning, and monthly at the days 0, 60 and 90 of experiment as well as after treatment the first blood samples were used for determination of haemoglobin, total red cells and leucocytic counts, while the second for serum samples were for quantitative estimation of copper, zinc, calcium inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin and globulin as well as antibody index against Rift Valley Fever, RVF Foot and Mouth Disease FMD and Sheep Pox SP Vaccines. The vaccination program routinely used in Gemaza farm during the experiment included Rift Valley Fever, 40 days before beginning Foot and Mouth, Disease 7 days before beginning and at the day 78 of experimental time and Sheep Pox Vaccines, at the day 38 of experimental time. All These Vaccines were obtained from Veterinary Sera and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo.
The experimental period lasted for 105 days and treatment period was 30 days. The total time was 135 days.
The clinical signs of copper deficient groups include different degrees of inappetence, poor growth, ill thrifts, wool depigmentation rough coat, general depression, staggering gait, steely wool, swayback, when the lamb lies down cannot raise without help, enlargement of joints, anaemia, and tears running down faeces.
The zinc deficient lambs showed different degrees of inappetence, ill thrifts, general depression rough coat, poor growth, thickening and crackling of the skin around axilla and knee joint, enlargement of joints specially knee joint, alopecia, dry scaly skin at hairless area, development of horny overgrowth at mucocutaneous junction of the nose and wool become dirty and loss of crimps at the end of experiment.
All the symptoms of both copper and zinc deficiencies were disappeared completely after treatment by dosing copper sulphat [2gm in liter water per head weekly for three successive weeks] and intravenous injection of zinc sulphate 200 mg per head every 3days for two weeks for copper and zinc deficient lambs respectively. The blood and biochemical analysis of sera obtained from copper deficient lambs revealed hypocupraemia, low zinc, albumin, haemoglobin, total red cells count, antibody titer for Foot and Month Disease (FMD) and Sheep Pox (SP) and high of globulin and alkaline phosphatase.
The antibody titer of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) and total leucocytic count showed no significant differences between copper deficient and control iambs. The differential leucocytic counts revealed decrease in lymphocytes and increase in neutrophilis, but both were non significant.
The blood and biochemical analysis of sera in zinc deficient lambs revealed significant decrease in zinc, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, albumin, red blood cells, haemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase beside, low antibody titer for FMD and Sheep Pox (SP) vaccines which did not reach the protective level along with the experimental period.