الفهرس 
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Abstract
The experimental work of the present study was carried out at the Poultry Research Station, Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University. Total number of 700 one-day old un sexed broiler chickens from two strains Ross and Cobb (350 each) were used and were initially fed a control diet for 5 days. Chicks were divided into ten treatments for each cross (35 birds each), each treatment contained 5 replicates of 7 birds. Ten
dietary treatments were designed to study the effects of feeding various levels of triticale grains (grown locally): 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in the diet of broiler chickens (Ross and Cobb strain) with or without a commercial enzyme (Avizyme 0.1 %) supplementation on performance of growing broiler chickens. Results obtained could be summarized in the following:
Live body weight (LBW): Inclusion of triticale in the Ross broiler
diets at different levels caused significant increase in LBW at 11 and 42 days of age, enzyme supplementation had insignificant effects on LBW at all ages studied except at 11 days. Inclusion of triticale in the Cobb broiler diets at different levels caused significant differences in live body weight at 11 and 23 days of age, while, there were insignificant effects of LBW at 5 and 42 days of age. Enzyme supplementation had insignificant effects LBW at all ages studied except at 11 days of age. Triticale level x enzyme addition had insignificant
effect on LBW during all ages studied.
Live body weight gain (LBWG): Inclusion of triticale in the Ross broiler diets at different levels caused significant increase in LBWG during the
starter, finisher and overall periods. Inclusion of triticale in the Cobb broiler diets at different levels caused significant difference in LBWG during the starter and grower periods. Triticale level x enzyme addition had insignificant effects on LBWG during the all periods studied, except starter period. Feed intake (FI): Ross broiler fed diet supplemented with enzyme had
higher FI during all periods. Also, FI was significantly increased with inclusion of triticale in the Ross broiler diet from 0% to 100% triticale grains. Cobb broiler fed diet containing 100% triticale grains had the lowest FI during the grower, finisher and overall periods, while, Cobb broiler fed diets containing 50,
25, 50 and 50% triticale grains had higher FI during the starter, grower, finisher and overall periods, respectively. Enzyme supplementation significantly affected FI during the starter and grower periods. Feed conversion (FC): Inclusion of triticale in the Ross broiler diets at different levels had insignificant effects on FC during all periods studied. Ross broiler fed diet un-supplemented with enzyme had the best FC during the grower period. Cobb broiler fed diet un-supplemented with triticale had the best FC during the starter periods when compared with the other treatments.
Crude protein conversion (CPC): Inclusion of triticale in the Ross
broiler diets at different levels caused significant differences in CPC during the starter period. Enzyme supplementation significantly affected CPC during the iv
starter and grower periods. Inclusion of triticale in the Cobb broiler diets atdifferent levels caused significant differences in CPC during the starter period.Enzyme supplementation significantly affected CPC during the starter periods, while, insignificant effects were observed in CPC during the other periods.Caloric conversion ratio (CCR): Inclusion of triticale in Ross broiler diets at different levels had insignificant differences in CCR during all periods studied. Enzyme supplementation had insignificant effects on CCR during all periods studied except for the grower period. Inclusion of triticale in Cobb broiler diets at different levels significantly affected CCR during the starter period. Inclusion of enzyme in Cobb broiler diets significantly affected CCR
during the starter period. Growth rate (GR): Inclusion of triticale in the Ross broiler diets at different levels caused significant improve in GR during the finisher and overall periods. Ross broiler fed diet supplemented with enzyme had the highest GR during the starter period. Ross broiler fed diet containing 100% triticale supplemented with enzyme had higher GR during the starter period. Inclusion of triticale in the Cobb broiler diets at different levels caused significant differences in GR during the starter period. Cobb broiler fed diet supplemented and un-supplernented with enzyme higher GR during the starter and grower periods, respectively. Performance index (PI): Inclusion of triticale in the Ross broiler diets at different levels improved PI during the finisher (significant) and overall periods compared with those fed the control diet. Inclusion of triticale in the
Cobb broiler diets at different levels caused significant differences in PI during the starter period. Cobb broiler fed diet supplemented with enzyme had the best GR during the starter period.
Slaughter parameters%: Inclusion of triticale in the Ross broiler diets
at different levels caused significant differences in LBW, blood and feather,
neck, heart, liver, total giblets, abdominal fat, half breast, half rear and breast meat%. Enzyme supplementation significantly affected leg, liver and gizzard%. Triticale level x enzyme addition had significant effect on some slaughter parameters. Moreover, there was no significant effect of the treatments on thetibia (weight and ash) percentages. Inclusion of triticale in the Cobb broiler diets
at different levels caused significant differences in blood and feather, gizzard, total giblets, half breast, breast meat and rear meat%. Enzyme supplementation significantly affected heart and half rear%. Triticale level x enzyme addition significantly affected blood and feather, leg, head, heart, liver, gizzard, spleen, total giblets, abdominal fat, half breast, half rear and breast meat%. Moreover, there were no significant effects of treatments on the tibia (weight and ash)
percentages. Blood constituents: The RBCs and L YMP were found to be
significantly lower in Ross chicks fed control diet compared with other groups
Triticale level x enzyme addition significantly affected RBCs, LYMP and SEG. Inclusion of triticale in the Cobb broiler diets at different levels causedv
significant differences in TLC, SEG and ESINO. The BASO was found to be
significantly higher in Cobb chicks fed control diet. Triticale level x enzyme
addition significantly affected HCT and TLC. Chemical composition of broiler meat: Level of YC substitution and
enzyme had insignificant effects on chemical composition of Ross broiler meat. Carcass part significantly influenced moisture, protein and fat%, front part had higher moisture and protein% (lower fat%) than rear part. Triticale level x enzyme addition insignificant effects on protein, fat, ash and NFE percentages of Ross broiler meat, while significantly affected moisture%. The highest fat (the lowest moisture%) values were observed for Cobb broiler fed the control diet. Higher moisture% (lower fat%) values were observed for Cobb broiler chicks fed diet supplemented with enzyme compared with those fed the diet un-
supplemented with enzyme. Carcass part significantly influenced protein, fat%
and ash, front part had higher protein% (lower fat and ash %) than rear part.
Mortality rate%: Mortality% was 2.86% in Ross chicks fed diet containing 25 and 100% triticale supplemented with enzyme. However, mortality was zero% in chicks fed the other experimental diets. Mortality was 2.86% in Cobb chicks fed control diet and those containing 25% triticale
supplemented with enzyme. However, mortality was zero% in chicks fed the
other experimental diets. Economical efficiency (EEf): A: By using average local market price: Ross broiler chicks fed diet 9 (100% triticale un-supplemented with enzyme) gave the best economical and relative efficiency followed by Ross broiler chicks fed diet 7 (75% triticale unsupplemented with enzyme) then Ross broiler chicks fed diet 3 (25% triticale un-supplemented with enzyme). Cobb broiler chicks fed diet 10 (100% triticale
supplemented with enzyme) gave the best economical and relative efficiency
followed by Cobb broiler chicks fed diet 3 (25% triticale un-supplemented with enzyme) then Cobb broiler chicks fed diet 7 (75% triticale un-supplemented with enzyme). B: By using average international market price: Ross chicks fed diet 9 (100% triticale un-supplemented with enzyme) had the best economical and relative
efficiency values followed by chicks fed diet 7 (75% triticale un-supplemented with enzyme) then chicks fed diet 10 (100% triticale supplemented with enzyme). Cobb fed diet 10 (100% triticale supplemented with enzyme) had the best economical and relative efficiency values followed by chicks fed diet 9 (100% triticale un-supplemented with enzyme) then chicks fed diet 7 (75% triticale un-supplemented with enzyme).
Generally, it can be concluded that triticale and enzyme can be used in
broiler chick diets to get the best performance and highest income per bird.