الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nowadays , the environmental pollutions is considered as
one of the most serious problems in the world . The problem of heavy metals or pesticide residues in food had been addressed at
the international level because of its serious puplic health haz-
aids which may lead to acute or chronic toxicity for human be-ing
This study was undertaken to determine heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu , Zn and Co) and organochlorine pesticide (DDT , Aldrin
, Dieldrin , Endrin and Lindane( residues in muscle , liver ad kid- ney samples of cattle , sheep and camel carcases from sharkia
province as well as in meat products (minced meat , beefburger , sausage and luncheon) marketed in zagazig city.
A total of 90 samples (30 each of meat , liver and kidneys) were taken from 30 carcases (10 each of cattle , sheep and camel
) beside 40 samples of meat products (10 each of minced meat , beefburger , sausage and luncheon). The results declared that the mean concentration of Pb in the analyzed samples were 0.226 , 0.345 , 0.340 Rig wet weight for meat , liver and kidney of cattle , respectively ; while the corresponding values in sheep were 0.127 , 0.135 and 0.246 re-spectively , meanwhile in camel , the corresponding values were 0.374 , 0.389 and 0.421 , respectively.
Concerning meat products , the mean values of Pb (nig wet weight were 0.159 , 0.501 , 0.463 and 0.022 for the examined minced meat , beefburger , sausage and luncheon, respectively.
The mean residual concentrations (.1g/g wet weight) for Cd in meat, liver and kidney were 0.097 , 0.072 and 0.118 respec-tively for cattle ; 0.066 , 0.069 and 0.111 respectively for sheep; 0.048 , 0.052 and 0.089 respectively for camel meanwhile the mean values for Cd in analyzed minced meat , beefburger sau-sage and luncheon were 0.053, 0.065 , 0.073 and 0.079 pg/g wet weight , respectively.
Cu concentration was found at mean levels of 3.48 , 9.97 and 3.96 ; 2.58 , 7.92 and 4.38 ; 3.1 , 15.03 and 4.53 for the ana-lyzed meat , liver and kidney samples of cattle , sheep and camel , respectively on the other hand the mean Cu concentration ana-lyzed minced meat , beefburger , sausage and luncheon were 2.47 , 2.86 , 3.58 and 3.19 !leg wet weight , respectively.
Zn concentration (fig/g wet weight ) was found at mean lev-els of 16.20 , 16.14 and 16.73 ; 16.91 , 15.71 and 16.52 ; 13.97 , 12.62 and 14.08 for analyzed meat , liver and kidney samples of cattle , sheep and camel carcases , respectively , While in meat products , it was found at mean levels of 14.29 , 15.88 , 15.72 and 13.54 nig wet weight for minced meat , beefburger , sau-sage and lunchein , respectively.
The residual concentration !leg wet weight Co in analyzed mat liver and kidney were found at mean levels of 0.367 , 0.427 and 0.392 ; 0.305 , 0.425 and 0.334 ; 0.107 , 0.421 and 0.205 for cattle , sheep and camel carcases , respectively . The mean lev-els of Co in meat products were 0.277 , 0.320 , 0.307 and 0.260 ptg/g wet weight for minced meat, beefburger , sausage and luncheon , repectively.
The analysis of variance (ANOVO) test declared significant differences (P<0.01) between the values of all the determined metals in analyzd tissues of the 3 animal species as well as in meat products with the exception of Cu levels among cattle sam- According to the Egyptian standard for heavy metals , only 3 samples (30%) of the analyzed beefburger exceeded such limit for Pb , while 2(20%), 3(30%), 3(30%) and , 4(40%) of exam-ined minced meat , beefburger , sausage and luncheon , respec-tively exceeded the limit for Cd Meanwhile 3 samples only (30%) of camel liver exceeded the permitted limit for Cu and none of the analyzed. animal tissues or meat products ; exceeded the recommended level for Zn.
Person correlation for metal interrelationships in examined samples revealed significant positive correlations between Cu and Zn in beef as well as between Cu and Zn in beef as well as between Cu and Co in cattle kidney , while in sheep there were significant positive correlations between Pb and each of Cu and Co as well as between Cu and Zn in meat samples ; also between Pb and each of Cd , Zn and Co as well as between Cd and Co in both liver and kidney samples significant positive correlations were noticed in meat samples of camel between Pb and each of Cu and Co as well as between Co and each of Cu and Zn moreo-ver between Pb and each of Cu and Co as well as between Cu ans Co in camel liver . Furthermore a significant positive correla- tion was estimated between Pb and Zn in camel kidney . On the other hand significant negative correlations were only estimated between Cu and each of Pb and Co in camel kidney.
Concerning meat products , significant positive correlations were found between Zn and Co in minced meat ; Cu and each of Zn and Co as well as , between Zn and Co in beefburger ; Zn and each of Cd and Cu in sausage ; Pb and each of Cd , Cu , Zn and Co in luncheon . also betwee Cu and each of Zn and Co as well as between. Zn ans Co in Luncheon . On the contrary a signifi-cant negative correlation was estimated between Pb and each of Cd and Zn in sausage samples
ORGA NOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
The mean values of DDT (ng/g wet weight) in analyzed meat , liver and kidney samples were 14.18 , 57.40 and 25.19 ; 18.14 , 45.42 and 24.16 ; 16.68 , 44.41 and 34.87 for cattle , sheep and camel , respectively whereas in meat products the mean DDT values (ng/g) were 3.34 , 40.71 , 6.61 and 5.85 for mitk:ed meat , beefburger , sausage and luncheon , repectively.
The mean values of Aldrin were 0, 3.42 and 2.54 ng/g wet weight for meat , liver and kidney of cattle , respectively The corresponding values for sheep were 0.13 , 1.83 and 1.12 while for camel they were 0, 2.09 and 0 , respectively , On the other hand the mean Aldrin levels in minced meat , beefbur-ger , sausage and luncheon were 2.16 , 3.57 , 3.90 and 4.26 ng/g wet weight , respectively.
Meat , liver and kidney samples of cattle contained Dieldrin concentration at mean levels of 6.18 and 4.15 ng.g ., respective-ly . The corresponding levels for sheep were 0.270 , 3.09 and 2.76 , respectively while such value for camel were 0.13 , 5.04 and 3.04 respectively.
Dieldrin in meat products was found at mean levels of 4.21 , 6.0 , 6.11 and 5.87 ng/g for minced meat , beefburger , sausage and luncheon , respectively.
The mean residual concentration of Endrin (ng/g wet wieght) in meat , liver and kidney samples was 0 , 1.87 and 1.19 ; 0 , 0.18 and 0.86 ; 0 , 1.16 and 1.07 for cattle , sheep and camel carcases , respectively ,The corresponding values for minced meat beefburger , sausage and luncheon were 1.72 , 2.09 , 2.71 and 3.12 , respectively.
Lindane was found at mean concentrations of 0.70 , 6.06 and 5.18 for meat , liver and kidney samples of cattle , respectively , while the corresponding values in sheep were 0.35 , 2.12 and 3.39 , respectively, while in camel the corresponding values were 0.36 , 5.34 and 4.51 ng/g , respectively . In meat products , the mean levels of lindane were 2.63 , 3.32 , 3.58 and 4.04 ng/g wet weight for minced meat beefburger , sausage and luncheon , re-
spectively.
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference (P<0.01) in the concentrations of all the determined pesticides among the analyzed meat , liver and kidney of the ex-amined species of cattle , sheep and camel as well as between the examined kinds of meat products.
According to the Egyptian standards recommended for orga-nochiorine pesticide , none of the analyzed samples of meat , or-gans or meat products exceeded such limits for DDT , aldrin , dielrin , endrn or lindane and susbsequently , the samples do not constitute health hazard from organochlorines for the consumers lindan in sheep kidney ; DDT and aldrin in camel liver ; dieldrin and endrin in beefburger and between DDT and dieldrin in luncheon , on the other hand only a significant negative correla-tion was estimated between dieldrin and lindane in cattle liver .
The probable toxic effect of the determined metals or pesti-cides as well as the recommended measures for avoidig or mini-mizing their risks for the consumers were fully discussed.