الفهرس 
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Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a highly specialized tissue that serves to attach the tooth to the supporting bone. Cells originating in the PDL are thought to play a principal role in both the degradative processes
associated with periodontal disease and the regenerative processes
associated with healing .Because the fibroblast is the prominent cell type in the PDL, it is likely that the PDL fibroblast is important in these biological processes. The potential importance of the PDL fibroblast has directed many investigations to study this cell type on an in vitro basis.