الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was designed to clarify the prevalence of fasioliasis is sheep at Kalubia province. Also, to assay certain biochemical changes which may occur in serum of infested sheep with further histopathological study on affected livers.
A total number of 517 native breed sheep of different age and sex were examined at Benha abattoir during the period from March 2000 to March 2001 in order to clarify the relation between different seasons and
the rate of infestation with Fascioliasis.
The obtained finding can be summarized as follows:
1-The coprological examination of 517 sheep faecal samples revealed that 7.54% of examined animals had Fasciola spp. eggs in their
faeces.
2-Results of ELISA tested sera revealed an overall rate of infection 29.4%.
3-The winter season was the most favorable one for infection with fascioliasis in acute cases while the autumn season was the most favorable one for sub acute and chronic fascioliasis.
4-Age susceptibility to fascioliasis in sheep as respectively determined by ELISA and coprological examination was 31.05% and 5.2% (3-5 years old). While it was 27.65% and 11.31% (more than 5 years old).
5-Results of antibody titre by using ELISA technique:
The results were divided according clinical signs appeared on
animals into:
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Summary—
a- Acute fascioliasis: the infested sheep showed no clinical signs but their serum give positive result with ELISAat titre 1/20, 1/40 at the rate of infection 12.36%. The egg count revealed negative result. The winter season was the most favorable one for infection.
h- Subacute fascioliasis: the infested sheep showed pale mucous membrane emaciation, easily detached wool and diarrhea appeared on some cases. Serum give positive result by ELISA at titre 1/80, 1/160, 1/320 with rate of infection 11.6% the egg count revealed 1-2 egg/gm faeces. The autumn season revealed highest percentage of infection.
c- Chronic fascioliasis: infested sheep had icteric appearance of mucous membranes (jundice), emaciation, bottle jaw and ascitis. Serum give positive result by ELISA at titre 1/640, 1/1280, 1/2560 with rate of infection 5.41% while the egg count revealed 6-10 eggs/gm faeces. The autumn season was the most favorable one for infection.
6- The results of biochemical examination were grouped according to antibody titre of ELISA technique:
First group: represent control uninfested animals.
Second group: (acute fascioliasis at titre 1/20, 1/40):
Activities of serum enzymes AST and GGT were significantly increased while the result of protein electerophoresis revealed significant increase in total globulin and globulin fractionation revealed significant increase in a, 13 and y globulin. This was reflected by a decrease in A/G ratio.
Third group: (subacute fascioliasis at titre 1/80, 1/160,1/320):
Activities of serum enzymes AST, ALP and GGT were significant increased. Serum glucose was significantly decreased. Meanwhile T.bilirubin, and creatinine were significantly increased. Serum calcium
Summary 152
and phosphorus were significant decreased. Serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio were significant decreased. Meanwhile total globulin and globulin fractionation revealed significant increased in 13 and y globulin.
Fourth group: (Chronic fascioliasis at titre 1/640, 1/1280, 1/2560):
Activities of serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and GGT were significantly increased. Serum glucose was significant decreased. Serum cholesterol, T. bilirubin uric acid and creatinine were significant increased.”Meanwhile, serum calcium, in organic phosphorus and sodium were significant decrease. Serum potassium was significant increased.
Total protein, albumin and A/G ratio were significantly decreased. On the other hand total globulin was increased, globulin fractionation revealed significant increased in a and 13 globulins.
7- Pathological studies revealed characteristic lesions of fascioliasis in the liver.
Acute fascioliasis:
The gross examination of the liver in acute cases of fascioliasis revealed area of peticheal heamorrhages or streaks specially at the edge of the left undivided lobe.
Microscopic examination of liver showed moderate congestion of central veins, hepatic sinusoids and portal blood vessels. Single or multiple parasitic tracts represented by focal area of necrosis intermixed with eosinophils and surrounded by inflammatory cellular reaction mainly eosinophils and few lymphocytes and macrophages were recorded.
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Subacute fascioliasis:
The gross findings of the liver in subacute cases showed that liver was dark red in colour, enlarged and friable in consistency with thickened yellowish capsule. The main bile duct was enlarged and lodged with
numerous mature flukes.
Microscopic examination of liver showed memories migrating tracts represented by central necrotic areas surrounded with sever inflammatory reaction mainly eosinophils. In the portial areas, slight hyperplasia of bile ductal epithelium was noticed. Mononuclear inflammatory cellular infiltration of portal tracts mostly lymphocytes. Mature worms were seen within the bile ducts.
Chronic fascioliasis:
Macroscopical examination of the liver in chronic cases revealed that liver was pale in colour, small in size, corrugation on its visceral surface and firm in consistency. The main bile ducts were enlarged, thickened and expanded as branching cords to contain large numbers of
mature flukes.
This histopathological changes in the liver were characterized by hepatic cirrhosis represented by sever fibrous C.T. proliferation mixed with mononuclear inflammatory cell with degeneration and atrophy of hepatocytes. Adult worms were seen within the lumen of bile duct together with sever desquamation of the biliary epithelium and periductal lymphocytic cellular infiltration was noticed.