الفهرس 
Cardiovascular DisordersOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Globally, the largest proportion of non communicable
diseases deaths is caused by cardiovascular disease (48%).
And its risk factors are associated with four key metabolic
and/or physiological changes — raised blood pressure,
increased weight leading to obesity, hyperglycemia and
hyperlipidemia. Hypertension associated with diabetes
probably accounts for up to 85% of excess risk of
cardiovascular disease. (WHO, World health statistics 2012).
Screening interventions are designed to identify disease
in a community early, thus enabling earlier intervention and
management in the hope to reduce mortality and suffering
from a disease. It is a complex process that spans education,
invitation, disease detection, diagnosis and management
(Raffle and Muir Gray, 2007).
Our aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of
cardiovascular diseases in a group of cases coming for
voluntary screening in a private hospital. And to study risk
factors associated with the development of cardiovascular
diseases.
The study was conducted from the period of March to
October 2012 on 220 cases from males and females above 40
years of age, voluntarily choosing to undergo the check-up
program in the international medical center hospital. Subjects
are well educated and of high socio-economic level and are
health aware of the importance of annual health checkups.
We collected a detailed history with personal data,
smoking habits, regular exercise practice, family history,
surgical history, medical history, occupation, and stress level.
And full clinical examination with general examination and
measuring weight (in kilograms), height (in meters), body mass index (in kg/m²), waist circumference (in centimeters),
arterial blood pressure (twice) and ECG. And the physical
examination of the heart, chest and abdomen. And the blood
investigations were total Lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and
TSH level.
Results were a total of 220 cases of males and females,
their age ranged between 40-89 years old, their mean age was
54.7±10.2, and the sex difference was (67.3%) males and
(32.7%) females.
The mean weight was 89.8 ± 18.7 Kg, and the mean
height was 1.7 ±0.09 m. And the majority of cases (84.6%) are
overweight and obese and in a comparison between sex and
obesity it showed that females were more obese (mean females
BMI: 33.09) than males (mean males BMI: 30.1). The
majority of cases (87.3%) did not exert any physical activity or
regular exercise practice.
Diabetes mellitus was found in 40.9% of the cases and
26.8% were newly discovered to have diabetes mellitus by the
screening program. Hypertension was found in 48.6% of the
cases, and 24.1% were newly discovered to have hypertension
by the screening program. Coronary heart disease was found in
11.4% of cases and metabolic syndrome in 55% of the studied
cases.
Coronary heart disease had a statistically significant
relation with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.