الفهرس 
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Abstract
In recent times there has been great demand for natural products
that have possible preventive action against diabetes and its secondary
complications. Rats fed a galactose-rich diet have been used for several
years as a model for diabetes to study the effects of excess blood hexoses.
Keeping this in mind, this study was undertaken to investigate the
influence of Taurine, on experimental hypergalactosemic rats as a model
to reproduce pathologies seen in type I and type II diabetes mellitus.
Taurine , first isolated in 1827, is the most abundant free amino
acid in the human body. Taurine has many fundamental biological roles
such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation , osmoregulation,
membrane stabilization and modulation of calcium signaling. It is
essential for cardiovascular function, and development and function
of skeletal muscle, the retina and the central nervous system.
Recent studies indicate that Taurine had the hypoglycemic effect
during experimental insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and decreased
the concentrations of glucose and fructosamine, and increased the
contents of insulin, C-peptide, and glycogen in the liver.
Supplementation of taurine has a beneficial effect in experimental
hypergalactosemia because it shows hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and
antioxidative effects on hypergalactosemic animals. This effect was
associated with the decrease in free radical production and rise in
antioxidant levels by taurine, thereby lowering oxidative stress.
This study was carried out on 70 white albino male albino rats, 7-8
weeks old, and weighted 175-200 gm. Rats were housed in a separate
metal cages, Rats were accommodated at the animal house in faculty of
vet. For two weeks before the experiment, and were kept on the same
constant environmental and nutritional condition through the period of
investigation and they randomly divided into 4 groups:
1.Group (A): served as negative control (n=10), left untreated & fed on
chow diet, water and saline.
2.Group (B): considered as positive control group (n=10), rats fed on
chow diet & 4% taurine added to the drinking water.
3.Group (C): untreated hypergalactosemic group (n=25), rats fed on
chow diet and 30% galactose (30 %= 6 g for each rat daily) for two
months & receiving no therapy.
4.Group (D): hypergalactosemic rats treated with taurine (n=25), rats
fed on chow diet and 30% galactose & 4% taurine added to the
drinking water.
Taurine (4%= 0.8 g for each rat daily) dissolved in water were
administrated orally by intragastric cannula for 21 days (for groups (B) &
(D)). The administration of taurine started after 80 days from the
beginning of the experiment. Control animals received physiological
saline alone.
Blood samples were collected by ocular vein puncture from all
rats groups along the duration of experiment, at 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks.
Blood samples were collected at the end of experimental period
and after overnight fasting in dry, clean, and screw capped tubes and
divided into two parts:
Serum samples: The clean, clear serum was separated by Pasteur
pipette and received in dry sterile sample tube, processed directly for
galactose and glucose determination, then kept in a deep freeze at -
20ºC until used for subsequent biochemical analysis, all plasma
samples were analyzed for following parameters: Galactose, Glucose,
Triglyceride (TG), Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDLcholesterol),
low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) and
antioxidant enzymes concentrations as Superoxide dismutase,
catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase.
EDTA samples: was used to determine HbA1c.
Another 2nd part used for preparation of tissue (liver) homogenate with 0.9%
saline using electrical homogenizer, centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m for 15
minutes, the resulting supernatant were collected and used for estimation
of glycogen concentration (Pardeep Sidhu et al.,2004). Livers from
animals were preserved at -20ºC until performing the investigations.
The obtained results showed that
1- Serum galactose:
Administration of taurine to normal rats caused non-significant decrease
in galactose level when compared with normal control group.
Treatment with taurine significantly decrease galactose level in
experimentally hypergalactosemic rats allover the periods of the
experiments when compared with galactosemic non treated group.
(Table1 & fig.58).
2- Serum glucose:
Administration of taurine to normal rats caused non-significant decrease in
glucose level when compared with normal control group. Treatment with
taurine significantly decrease glucose level in experimentally
hypergalactosemic rats allover the periods of the experiments when
compared with galactosemic non treated group. (Table2 & fig.59).