الفهرس 
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Abstract
The biochemical effects of anti-protozoa as propolis (Natural drug) and toltrazuril (Chemical drug) in the treatment of coccidiosis disease caused by Eimeria spp. and their effects on gastrointestinal tract enzymes and related hormones in rabbits were investigated. This study was carried out on 24 male rabbits; weighting 750 – 900 gm. Rabbits were housed in clean separate metal cages. Rabbits were kept at a constant environmental and nutritional condition throughout the period of experiment. The animals were left 10 days for acclimatization before the beginning of the experiment. Each rabbit was infected by oral administration of 40,000 sporulated mixed Eimeria oocysts. Toltrazuril used by oral administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. Propolis used by oral administration at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. Design of experimental work: Faecal examination occurred and all rabbits faeces free from any oocyst. Rabbits were divided into four equal groups, each group contain six rabbits as follow:- Group 1: Control normal group (CN): Contained 6 non-infected male rabbits and saved as healthy control group. Groups 2, 3, 4 infected orally with 40,000 sporulated mixed oocysts Eimeria speices and left without treatment for two weeks before the onset of anti protozoa drugs administration. Group 2: Infected non-treated group (IN): Included 6 infected male rabbits left without treatment all over the experimental period. Group 3: Propolis treaterd group (PT): Comprised 6 infected male rabbits and treated orally with propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight (Daily) for 2 weeks, (Eraslan et al., 2007). Group 4: Toltrazuril treaterd group (TT): Contain 6 infected male rabbits and treated orally with toltrazuril at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (Daily) for 2 weeks, (Ghanem et al., 2009). Sampling: Faecal samples: Faecal samples were collected from all animals groups four times along the duration of experiment. 1- At the onset of the experiment (before experimental infection). 2- Two weeks post infection (before anti protozoa drugs treatment). 3- Four weeks post infection (two weeks after drugs administration). 4- Six weeks post infection (two weeks after stoppage drugs administration). Blood samples: Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting from all animals groups three times along the duration of experiment.1- Two weeks post infection (before anti protozoa drugs treatment). 2- Four weeks post infection (two weeks after drugs administration). 3- Six weeks post infection (two weeks after stoppage drugs administration). Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 r.p.m for 10 minutes. The clean, clear serum was received in dry sterile tubes using sterilized pipettes, processed directly for determination of Amylase, Alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , Aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ), Gama glutamyltransferase ( GGT ), Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ), Albumin, Total protein and Total bilirubin then kept in a deep freeze at -20 until used for determination of Lipase, Gastrin and L-malondialdehyde ( L-MDA ). Plasma (EDTA plasma) was separated by centrifugation at 3000 r.p.m for 10 minutes. The clean, clear serum was received in dry sterile tubes using sterilized pipettes, then kept in a deep freeze at -20 until used for determination of Catalase and Glutathione-s-transferase (GST). Whole blood (EDTA blood) was used for determination of Hemoglobin (HB) concentration. The obtained results demonstrated that: Faecal examination: At the beginning of the experiment (before infection) all samples that were collected from all groups were free from Eimeria oocysts. After 2 weeks of infection (before treatment) all samples that were collected from the 3 infected groups have a huge number of Eimeria oocysts, but the control normal group was free from any oocyst. After 4 and weeks of infection all samples that were collected from the infected group (untreated) have a huge number of Eimeria oocysts, but the other 2 groups (Propolis and Toltrazuril treated groups) were free from oocyst. Amylase activity: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited anon significant decrease in amylase activity after 2 weeks of infection which became significant decrease after 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. While administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment which became non-significant increase after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Lipase activity: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited a significant decrease in lipase activity after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment which became non-significant increase after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. But after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment show a significant increase as compared with after 2 weeks from beginning treatment. Gastrin concentration:Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited a significant decrease in gastrin concentration after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment which became non-significant increase after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. ALT activity: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited a significant increase in ALT activity after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited anon significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. But after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment show a significant decrease as compared with after 2 weeks from beginning treatment. AST activity: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited a significant increase in AST activity after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited anon significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group.While administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment which became non-significant increase after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. GGT activity: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited anon significant increase in GGT activity after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis and toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited anon significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. ALP activity: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited a significant increase in ALP activity after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited anon significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. But after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment show anon significant increase as compared with after 2 weeks from beginning treatment. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. But after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment show anon significant increase as compared with after 2 weeks from beginning treatment. Albumin concentration: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited anon significant decrease in Albumin concentration after 2 weeks of infection which became significant decrease after 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited anon significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment which became significant increase after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment which became non-significant decrease after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Total protein concentration: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited anon significant decrease in total protein concentration after 2 weeks of infection which became significant decrease after 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Total bilirubin concentration: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited a significant increase in total bilirubin concentration after 2 , 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment which became non-significant decrease after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment which became non-significant increase after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. L-MDA concentration: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited a significant increase in L.MDA concentraion after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited anon significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment which became non-significant decrease after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Catalase activity: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited anon significant decrease in catalase activity after 2 weeks of infection which became significant decrease after 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited anon significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment which became non-significant decrease after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. GST activity: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited anon significant decrease in GST activity after 2 weeks of infection which became significant decrease after 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited anon significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. But after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment show a significant increase as compared with after 2 weeks from beginning treatment. HB concentration: Infection with Eimeria spp. to normal rabbits exhibited anon significant decrease in HB concentration after 2 weeks of infection which became significant decrease after 4 and 6 weeks of infection compared to control group. Administration of propolis to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited anon significant increase after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. Administration of toltrazuril to infected rabbits after 2 weeks of infection exhibited a significant decrease after 2 weeks from beginning treatment and after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment compared to control group. But after 2 weeks from stoppage treatment show a significant increase as compared with after 2 weeks from beginning treatment.