الفهرس 
PHAGOCYTOSISOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
N
eutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in circulation. They are phagocytes, capable of ingesting microorganisms or particles. For targets to be recognized, they must be coated in opsonins a process known as antibody opsonization. They can internalize and kill many microbes, each phagocytic event resulting in the formation of a phagosome into which ROS and hydrolytic enzymes are secreted. The consumption of oxygen during the generation of ROS has been termed the ”respiratory burst”, although unrelated to respiration or energy production.The respiratory burst involves the activation of the enzyme NADPH oxidase, which produces large quantities of O2-, a ROS. Superoxide dismutates spontaneously or through catalysis via enzymes known as SOD , to H2O2, which is then converted to HOCl, by the green heme enzyme MPO.
Hepatitis is a medical condition defined by the inflammation of the liver and characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. Hepatitis is acute when it lasts less than six months and chronic when it persists longer. A group of viruses known as the hepatitis viruses cause most cases of hepatitis worldwide.
HCV is a major cause of liver disease. It affects nearly 170 million people worldwide. Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of CHC and may regulate collagen synthesis, thus contribute to liver damage and the subsequent development of fibrosis.
HBV infection is usually acquired parentrally or in early childhood leading to high prevalence of chronic infection. Chronic infection is usually associated with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species.
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of polymorph nuclear leucocytes in chronic HBV and chronic HCV virus patients.
This study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospital. A total of 75 subjects were included in the study. They were divided into 3 groups: group I; included 25 patients with CHB who had positive HBs Ag by ELIZA and positive HBV DNA by PCR. Group II; included 25 patients with chronic hepatitis C who had positive HCV Ab by ELISA and positive HCV RNA by PCR.Group III the control group included 25 healthy normal persons.
Patients under study were subjected to full history taking, full clinical examination, and laboratory investigation including CBC, liver enzymes, HBs Ag, HCV Ab, HCV and HBV viral load by PCR, phagocytic and lytic index and measurement of neutrophil respiratory oxidative burst by flowcytometry using DHR 123.
In the present study the PMA stimulated PMN cells from chronic HCV and chronic HBV infected patients showed a normal production of H2O2 compared to control. Additionally there was no significant difference between control group and HBV group and HCV group regarding phagocytic index and lytic index.
Moreover, the study revealed that there was no significant difference between mild, moderate and severe viremia as regard stimulation index in chronic HCV and chronic HBV infected patients. Also there was no significant correlation between stimulation index and AST or ALT in chronic HCV and chronic HBV infected patients.
In conclusion, the present results are suggest that the PMA stimulated PMN cells from chronic HCV and chronic HBV infected patients showed a normal production of H2O2 compared to control. Differences in methodology used to asses ROS generation and phagocytosis in chronic HCV and HBV infected patients may contribute to the discrepancy between our study and other studies. Differences in race, stage of hepatic affection and effect of treatment may also be contributable factors. So, we need to expand the patient number and do more further studies to show the effects of these factors on phagocytic function in our patients.