الفهرس 
Pharmacology of TramadolOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain it has the affinity to opioid receptors and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.Tramadol abuse became the most common opioid abuse nowadays especially among Egyptian youth. This is may be due to its easy and wide availability as a pain killer. The most common symptoms of acute tramadol overdose are central nervous system (CNS) depression, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia and seizures.Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in opioid overdose are well described with propoxyphene and heroin, while isolated tramadol overdose was associated with Brugada pattern.Our study aimed to determine the electrocardiographic (ECG)manifestations of the symptomatic patients with isolated tramadol toxicity and to predict seizures based on ECG parameters as well as calculation of poisoning severity score (PSS).This study was carried out on 30 patients with tramadol toxicity admitted to Toxicology Unit of Tanta University Emergency Hospital during the period from the first of June 2013 up to the end of November 2013.